考研英语:经典长难句训练与解析(11)
45. However, it has been found that even peopleinsensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenlybecome sensitive to it when exposed to it oftenenough.
46. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inefficient tokeep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary.
47. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptorsavailable for unfamiliar and emergency signals suchas the smell of smoke, which might indicate thedanger of fire.
48. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes commited young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.
考研英语长难句解析:
第45题:
【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为 it has been foundthat...,it 作形式主语,真正的主语为 that 引导的主语从句。该从句的主干为 people...can suddenly become sensitive...。其中 insensitive to a certainsmell at first 是 people 的后置定语, when 引导的条件状语从句省略了主语和系动词。
【译文】然而我们却发现,即使某些人开始时对某种气味不敏感,如果经常接触这种气味,也会对它敏感起来。
【点拨】1) be insensitive to sth."对...不敏感的"。2) be exposed to sth."暴露于;接触"。
第46题:
【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为 The explanation...seems to be that...。 that 引导表语从句,该从句中由 but 连接的两个并列句组成;第一个分句中 it 作形式宾语,其后的不定式结构 to keep...作真正的宾语;第二个分句中 if necessary 为条件状语从句的省略结构, but 前省略相同的主语 the brain。
【译文】对气味不敏感的解释似乎是:大脑发现让所有气味接收器一直工作效率太低,但是在需要的时候仍可以产生新的感受器。
第47题:
【分析】复合句。句子主干为 The brain finds it best tokeep smell receptors available。其中 it 为形式宾语,不定式结构 to keep smell receptors available 才是真正的宾语,best 为宾语补足语;such as... 用于举例,补充说明unfamiliar and emergency signals;which 引导的定语从句修饰 the smell of smoke。
【译文】 大脑发现最好让气味感受器随时用于接收陌生的和危急的信号,比如可能暗示火灾危险的烟味。
第48题:
【分析】简单句。句子主干为 Many theories...focus either on the individual or onsociety。concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency 是分词短语作后置定语,修饰 theories;括号内的成分是 juvenile delinquency 的同位语,对其进行解释; as the major contributing influence为宾语补足语。
【译文】 很多关于青少年犯罪(低龄人群犯罪)原因的理论要么强调个人要么的强调社会是导致犯罪的主要原因。
【点拨】1) juvenile 既是名词"青少年",也是形容词"青少年的;年幼无知的"。2) commit"委托,托付;犯罪,承诺,做...事"。3) influence 原意为"影响;作用",本句中意为"影响因素"。