2013年考研英语翻译中词类转换详解
一、转译成动词
1.名词转换成动词
Interest in historical methods has arisen, less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselevs.
分析：interest在原文中是名词，而在译文中为了符合中文的表达方式，在不改变意思的前提下，将它改成动词。
参考译文:人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大，其次才是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学科。
2.形容词转换成动词
Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
参考译文:由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易）所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。
3.副词转换成动词
She opened the window to let fresh air in.
参考译文:她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。
4.介词转换成动词
Many laboratories are developing medicines against AIDS.
参考译文:许多实验室正在研制治疗艾滋病的药物。
二、转换成名词
1.动词转换成名词
The university aims at the first rate of the world.
参考译文:学校的目标是世界一流。
2.形容词转换成名词
They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.
参考译文:他们尽了最大努力帮助病号和伤号。
3.代词转换成名词
According to a growing body of evidence, the chemicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids, ending up in your body.
分析：your body直译是你的身体，而细读原文，我们发现其实your body是泛指人体。作者为了引起与读者的共鸣，用了与读者更息息相关的your.在翻译时，应将此代词转换成名词，体现其真实含义。
参考译文:越来越多的证据表明，许多塑料制品的化学成分会移动到食物或流体上去，最终进入人体内。
4.副词转换成名词
The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure1.
参考译文:图一所示是这种新型机器的简图。
三、转换成形容词
1.副词转换成形容词
The engineer had prepared meticulously for his design.
参考译文:工程师为这次设计做了十分周密的准备。
2.名词转换成形容词
Most teenagers feel no difficulty in learning and operating computers.
参考译文:绝大部分青少年在学习和操作电脑方面并不觉得困难。
四、转换成副词
形容词转换成副词
The wide application of electronic machines in scientific work, in designing and in economic calculations will free man from the labor of complicated computations.
参考译文:在科学研究、设计和经济计算方面广泛地应用电子计算机可以使人们从繁重的计算劳动中解放出来。
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