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2011考研英语预测题及答案(3)

模拟试题  时间: 2019-03-09 10:08:03  作者: 匿名 
Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common, including the sky god, the lord of storms, and the morning and evening star.__1__the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility, love, and war, she was evidently lower__2__status than the male gods, indicating that in a more urbanized society the__3__that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess had__4__. The gods seemed hopelessly violent and __5__, and one‘s life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasizes that__6__were created to enable the gods to__7__ up working. Each city moreover had its own god, who was considered to__8__ the temple literally and who was in theory the owner of all property within the city.__9__the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the__10__ of the economic produce of the city were favored__11__ their supernatural and material functions __12__. When, after 3,000 B. C., growing warfare among the cities made military leadership__13__, the head of the army who became king assumed a(n)__14__position between the god, whose agent he was, and the priestly class, whom he had both to use and to __15__. Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society.__16__them were the scribes, the secular attendants of the temple, who__17__every aspect of the city’s economic life and who developed a rough judicial system.__18__the temple officials, society was divided among an elite or__19__ group of large landowners and military leaders; a mixed group of merchants, artisans, and craftsmen, free peasants who__20__ the majority of the population; and slaves. 1. [A] Unless [B] As [C] Lest [D] Although 2. [A] on [B] in [C] with [D] about 3. [A] worship [B] reverence [C] admiration [D] gratitude 4. [A] vanished [B] recovered [C] declined [D] attained 5. [A] unpredictable[B] unforgivable[C] unlimited [D] unlikely 6. [A] creatures [B] animals [C] men [D] mortals 7. [A] use [B] turn [C] give [D] back 8. [A] inhabit [B] live [C] reside [D] lodge 9. [A] Hence [B] Thereafter [C] Somehow [D] Incidentally 10. [A] introduction[B] transaction [C] distribution[D] provision 11. [A] as [B] for [C] under [D] of 12. [A] along [B] anyway [C] afterwards [D] alike 13. [A] additional [B] vital [C] singular [D] exceptional 14. [A] alternative [B] secondary [C] intermediate[D] fundamental 15. [A] pacify [B] tempt [C] suppress [D] manipulate 16. [A] Beside [B] Beyond [C] Below [D] Before 17. [A] supervised [B] held [C] managed [D] presided 18. [A] Around [B] Under [C] Above [D] Outside 19. [A] leading [B] noble [C] controlling [D] principal 20. [A] consist [B] compose [C] compile [D] consume

答案1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7.C 8.A 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D 13.B 14.C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. B

总体分析本文介绍了苏美尔人对神的崇拜及由此引起的社会阶层的划分。第一句至第四句为一个意群,主要介绍了苏美尔人对神的崇拜,以及神凌驾于人之上。第五句至倒数第二句为一个意群,介绍了由于对神的崇拜而出现的社会上层阶层及其职能。末句附带说明了在宗教体系之外的社会阶层。

试题精解1.[精解] 本题考查逻辑词。空格处填入的连词出现在句首,说明空格所在分句与下文之间的逻辑关系。选项中,unless表条件,意为“除非”;as作连词,表时间或原因,意为“当……时;因为,由于”;lest表目的,意为“惟恐,以免”,如He emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.(他反复强调这一点,免得她忘了。)although表让步,意为“虽然,尽管”。根据文意,“苏美尔人崇拜代表繁衍、爱和战争的女神”与“她在地位上却明显低于男性的神”之间存在转折关系,因此选[D]。

2.[精解] 本题考查介词用法辨析。空格所在部分存在一个形容词的比较级,即,lower than…… .空格处的介词和status搭配,表示“在地位方面”。in常用在形容词后,表示“在……方面”,如She was not lacking in courage.(她并不缺乏勇气。)a country rich in minerals(矿藏丰富的国家)。因此[B]in为正确项。

其它选项都可与形容词连用。on表示“影响到”,如He‘s hard on his kids.(他对自己的孩子很严厉。)with表示“关于,对于”,如Be careful with the glasses.(小心这些玻璃杯。)Are you pleased with the result?(你对结果满意吗?)with也可表示“因为,由于”,如His fingers were numb with cold.(他的手指冻僵了。)about表示“关于,对于”,如What’s she so angry about?(她为什么生这么大的气?)

3.[精解] 本题考查名词词义辨析。空格所在部分为分词结构,作状语,即,indicating that…… .其中that引导宾语从句,空格处填入的名词为从句的主语。该名词后又跟有that引导的定语从句:that the peoples…… goddess.将空格处的名词,即that代替的先行词放回定语从句,其完整结构是:the peoples of previous times had paid3 to the earth mother goddess.选项中四个名词为近义词,worship意为“崇拜,敬仰”;reverence意为“尊敬,崇敬”;admiration意为“钦佩,赞赏,羡慕”;gratitude“感谢”。从含义上看,人类对神应该是“崇拜”或“崇敬”,因此[A]和[B]比较恰当。其次,句中的搭配是pay sth. to sb.,表示“付出某事物给某人”。常用于这种搭配的是reverence及其同义词respect,pay reverence/respect to意为“尊敬,向……致敬”。因此本题应选[B]。

4.[精解] 本题考查动词词义辨析。由上一题的分析可知,indicating后是that引导的宾语从句,其主语是the reverence,本题空格处填入的动词是其谓语。由于需要的是一个不及物动词,首先排除[D] attain,它只能作及物动词,必须接宾语,意为“达到,获得”,如attain my purpose(达到我的目的)。其它选项:vanish意为“消失”;recover意为“恢复,复原”;decline意为“减少,下降,衰弱”。由上文可知,苏美尔人崇拜女神,但她的地位低于男性的神。可见,这种崇拜已经减少。因此[C]为正确答案。

5.[精解] 本题考查形容词词义辨析。空格处填入的形容词与violent并列,说明神的特点。unpredictable意为“不可预知的,捉摸不定的”;unforgivable意为“不可原谅的”;unlimited意为“无限的,不受限制的”;unlikely意为“不太可能的”。下文and连接的并列分句是对空格所在分句的解释:人的一生将是任他们摆布的被奴役的一生。导致这种结果的特点应该是“捉摸不定的”,因此[A]为正确项。

补充:one是泛指代词,指“任何一个人”。at will“任意,随意”,如They were able to come and go at will.(他们能够来去自由。)

6.[精解] 本题考查名词词义辨析。上文提到,神使人的一生成为任他们摆布和奴役的一生。空格所在分句则从《创世记》找到证据支持上文中的观点,因此该句的内容仍然是关于神和人的关系。空格处应填入表示“人类”的名词。creature意为“生物”,指人时多带有感情色彩,指具有某种特征的人,如You pathetic creature!(你这可怜的家伙!)animals意为“动物”。men是man的复数形式,意为“男人们”,指人类时应用其单数形式man,如the damage caused by man to the environment(人类给环境带来的破坏)。mortal作形容词时,意为“终将死亡的”;作名词时,意为“凡人,普通人”。因此本题应选[D]mortals. 7.[精解] 本题考查短语动词辨析。空格处填入的动词与副词up搭配构成短语动词。use up意为“用完,耗尽”,如He used up all the money.(他把所有的钱都花光了。)turn up意为“开大(音量、热量等);找到,发现”,如The farmer turned up a human skull while ploughing the field.(那个农民犁地时挖出一个人类的头颅骨。)give up意为“放弃”,常接动名词作宾语,如give up smoking(戒烟)。back up意为“支持,援助”,如The rebels backed up their demands with threats.(反叛者以恐吓手段要挟。)根据上下文意,神奴役人类,人被创造出来后神就不用再劳动。因此[C]正确。

8.[精解] 本题考查动词词义辨析。空格处填入动词,其宾语是the temple(庙宇),其逻辑主语是who替代的名词god(神)。选项中的四个动词为近义词,都可表示“居住”,但能够作及物动词的只有[A]inhabit,它意为“居住在,栖息于”,如Some of the rare species inhabit the area.(一些罕见物种生活在这个地区。)因此[A]是正确项。

其它项意为“居住”时都只能作不及物动词,如live in a house(住在一所房子里)。This family has resided in this city for 60 years.(这个家族住在本城已有60年了。)I lodged at a friend‘s house.(我寄住在一个朋友家里。)live也可作及物动词,但意为“(以某种方式)生活,过日子”,如She lived a peaceful life.(她过着十分宁静的生活。)

9.[精解] 本题考查逻辑词辨析。空格处填入的副词出现在句首,表示空格所在分句与上文的逻辑关系。Hence表示因果关系,意为“因此,所以”,如My mother is by herself; hence I must go home now.(我母亲一个人在家待着,所以我现在得回家了。)Thereafter表示时间关系,意为“其后,从那时以后”,如You will be accompanied as far as the border; thereafter you must find your own way.(有人送你到边境, 然后你就得自己走了。)Somehow意为“由于某种未知的原因,不知怎么地”,如She looked different somehow.(不知怎么地,她看上去变了。)incidentally意为“顺便提一句;偶然地,附带地”,如The information was only discovered incidentally.(这个信息只是偶然得到的。)空格上一句提到,神是城市里所有财产的拥有者。空格所在分句的主干结构是the priests were favored,the priests后who引导的一个较长的定语从句指出,僧侣诠释神的意志。因此两个分句之间是因果逻辑关系,即,由于神的权力很大,因此诠释神的意志的人受到青睐。[A]为正确项。

10.[精解] 本题考查名词词义辨析。空格处填入名词,和后面的定语of the economic produce of the city一起作controlled的宾语。introduction意为“采用,引进,推行”,如the introduction of new manufacturing methods(新制造方法的采用)。transaction意为“办理,处理”,如the transaction of government business(处理政府事务)。distribution意为“分配,分布;分发,分送”,如the distribution of wealth/food and medicines(财富/食品和药物的分配)。provision意为“提供,供给”,如the provision of health care(提供医疗服务)。由上文可知,神是所有财产的拥有者,而僧侣诠释神的意志,因此僧侣负责产品的“分配”,[C]为正确项。

11.[精解] 本题考查介词用法辨析。空格所在句子的主干结构是the priests were favored,后面紧跟着的介词短语“11 their supernatural and material functions”作状语。用在动词后,as意为“作为,当作”,如Treat me as a friend.(把我当朋友看。)for意为“为了;因为”,如soldiers fight for their country(军人为祖国出征),I couldn‘t speak for laughing.(我笑得说不出话来。)under意为“在……下面;根据,按照;受……影响”,如The wall collapsed under the strain.(墙壁因承受不了重压而坍塌了。)of用在某些动词后,接动作所涉及的人或事,如Think of a number.(想一个数字。)根据句意,应选表原因的介词,即,[B]for. 12.[精解] 本题考查副词用法辨析。空格处填入的词出现在句末,用在两个并列的名词,即,supernatural (functions) and material functions之后。有这种用法的是[D]alike,它作副词时可用在提到的两个人或两种事物之后,意为“两者都,同样地”,如Safety management benefits employers and employees alike.(安全管理对雇主和雇员都同样有利。)其他项都可作副词,但不符合文意。along 意为“向前”,如The policeman told the crowds to move along.(警察叫人群向前走动。)anyway意为“不管怎样”,如The house was locked and I cannot get in anyway.(屋子锁着,我无论如何也进不去。)afterwards意为“以后,后来”,如Let’s go to the theatre first and eat afterwards.(咱们先去看戏,然后再吃吧。)

13.[精解] 本题考查形容词词义辨析。空格所在部分是when引导的时间状语从句,其主干结构是warfare made military leadership__13__,空格处填入的形容词作宾补。additional意为“附加的,另外的”,如additional charges(额外的费用)。vital意为“至关重要的”,如The heart is a vital organ.(心脏是十分重要的器官。)singular意为“单数的;非凡的,显著的”,如landscape of singular beauty(无比优美的风景)。exceptional意为“杰出的,优秀的;异常的,特别的”,如exceptional talent as a musician(非凡的音乐才能),in exceptional circumstances(在特殊情况下)。根据句意,应该是“战争使军事领导才能更显重要”,因此[B]为正确项。

14.[精解] 本题考查形容词词义辨析。空格所在句子的主干是:the head of the army assumed a(n)__14__position between the god and the priestly class.alternative意为“可供替换的”,如Have you got an alternative suggestion?(你有没有其他建议?)secondary意为“次要的,从属的”,如Experience is what matters—age is of secondary importance.(重要的是经验——年龄是次要的。)intermediate意为“(两地、两物、两种状态等)之间的,中间的”,如Liquid crystals are considered to be intermediate between liquid and solid.(液晶被认为介于液态和固态之间。)fundamental意为“基本的,根本的”,如a fundamental difference(根本的区别)。由于下文提到,“居于神和僧侣阶层之间的”,因此空格处应填入[C]。

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