36. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.

【词汇突破】deliciously 美味的，但在这个句子里若是这样翻译就太死板了。在无法准确的理解副词意思的情况下，大可将其做very 来理解

【主干识别】it is ironic+时间状语从句

【其他成分】when you consider that 时间状语从句;who earns their living 非限制性定语从句，修饰Shakespeare，它的特殊之处在于处于主谓之间，起到了主谓隔离的作用，这样处理使句子内部长短相间，错落有致，写作中可以灵活运用。

【微观解析】首先要找清楚Shakespeare所搭配的动词是 was,而且was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.这个句子是强调句(部分强调)，可还原为when you consider that Shakespeare was an actor (with a beard) and his share of noise-making.

其次再找定语从句who earns their living的修饰对象是Shakespeare。

【难点揭秘】这个句子的巧妙之处在于定语从句的位置以及为配合语气所做的强调处理，建议写作时适当运用.

【译文赏析】想想给他们带来生机的莎士比亚本人就是一个演员(而且留胡子)，他也是这些噪音的一部分，你就会觉得这一切颇具讽刺意味。

【翻译点拨】did his share of noise-making 在翻译时不要生硬的翻译为：为噪声的制造做出了自己的贡献，这里的翻译可以是：他也参与了噪声的制造或者是他就是噪声中的一部分。

请同学们复习22,23句

37.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

【词汇突破】 vaccines 疫苗

unaware 没有注意到

cruel残忍

【主干识别】animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst 加定语从句

【其他成分】who are unaware that 定语从句;that animal research was needed to produce these treatments宾语从句，to produce these treatments表示目的的不定式;these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines三个事物的并列，理解为these treatments 和new treatments and vaccines的并列。

【微观解析】句子的语序若是调整为animal research seems…to those who…这样的结构会更加的条理。进而再解析其中的定语从句，以及定语从句中的宾语从句。

【难点揭秘】 原句中的语序调整，以及状语部分的长度会给找句子主干带来困难。

【译文赏析】 有一些人他们不知道动物研究对于这些治疗方法和一些新的治疗方法以及疫苗而言是必须的，对于他们来讲，动物研究说的最好听是浪费，说得最难听是残忍。

38.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.

【词汇突破】 much-publicized：公开的

resignation：辞职

build-up: 集结的，巨大的(写作词汇)

doctrine：信条

downshifting：降档，这里根据语境应灵活翻译为悠闲，闲适。

【主干识别】I have discovered that 加宾语从句

【其他成分】as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress非限制性定语从句，可还原主干为 as Kelsey will (discover)…，after a build-up of stress作状语;that后面是一个宾语从句，主干为bandoning the doctrine and making the move brings with it rewards.

【微观解析】解析这个句子应该先找discovered后的宾语从句的主干，再解析。of "juggling your life"是doctrine的定语，far greater rewards than financial success and social status.是关于回报的一个比较。而as所引导的非限制性定语从句则是对整个句子的一个修饰，应放到最后来解析。

【难点揭秘】过长的状语时阅读的一大障碍，as引导的句子中省略了动词这个句子中的非限制性定语从句中应还原discover,且它修饰整个句子。这个知识点常用于写作当中。

【译文赏析】我已经发现，放弃那种"为生活忙碌"的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。或许凯尔西因不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《女友》杂志社的编辑一职之后也会发现。

39.Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarII had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents".

【词汇突破】argue 认为

introduce 制定，引入

raised eyebrows: 表示惊讶，不可思议，舆论一片哗然(把别人的眉毛给抬起了)

morality 道德

American occupation authorities：美国占领当局

【主干识别】Mitsuo Setoyama raised eyebrows+时间状语从句

【其他成分】who was then education minister 定语从句，修饰Mitsuo Setoyama;when引导的时间状语从句的主干为he argued that liberal reforms had weakened the morality，iberal reforms had weakened the morality宾语从句;introduced by the American occupation authorities非谓语结构作定语修饰reforms;after World WarII置于句中，作时间状语。

【微观解析】抓住句子主干后应该一层一层的理解句子中的成分。解析定语从句应找到其相应的先行词，而when 引导的时间状语从句比较长，确定主谓宾关系后再将各个修饰成份加入。

【难点揭秘】这个句子的从句比较多，若是不能准确划分主干则很难准确理解句意。对于状语的识别和位置的灵活掌握也是这个句子的重点之一。

【译文赏析】去年，时任教育部长濑户光夫争辩说二战后由美国占领当局引入的自由主义革新削弱了日本民族"尊敬父母的道德品质"的时候，舆论一片哗然.

40.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.

【词汇突破】advisable： 明智的

advocate： 倡导者

farfetched：牵强的

【主干识别】it is advisable to find out 加时间状语从句，原因状语从句，让步状语从句。

【其他成分】when a new movement in art attains a certain fashion时间状语从句;what its advocates are aiming at 宾语从句;for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal原因状语从句。

【微观解析】 it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal形式主语从句，in yeas to come为状语，however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today让步状语从句，其正常语序为：their principles may seem however farfetched and unreasonable，they 指代principles。

例：However hard he tried，he still failed in the entrance exam.

无论他多么努力地尝试，他还是没有通过入学考试。

需要明白 however 词性一为副词，①不管到什么程度, 无论如何，不管怎么②然而, 可是, 不过，仍然;词性二为连词，①不管怎样。当然however 做副词表示“但是，转折”的意思，这是我们最熟悉的，提醒一点，做转折讲的时候是不能连接两个句子的。However的用法还需要注意以下两点：

(1)用作副词，相当于no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……”“无论如何……”，具体结构有以下两种：

1)however+形容词+主语+系动词，例：

However rich people are，they always seem anxious to take more money.

无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱。

2)however+副词+主语+谓语，例：

However fast he runs，he can’t catch up with us.

无论他跑得多快也不能赶上我们。

(2)用作连词，引导让步状语从句，意思是“怎么样都行”。例：

In one’s own home one can acts however he wishes.

在自己家里一个人想干什么都行。

【难点揭秘】原因状语从句中插入让步状语从句会使句子的后半部分显得比较复杂。

【译文赏析】当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，最好应该弄清这场运动倡导者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，很可能多年以后他们的理论会被视为正常。