最常考近义易混词,教你准确记单词
【摘要】考研英语备考中,考研er们除了掌握词汇的基本含义外,还需要掌握词汇之间的词义关系,如同义词、近义词、反义词等。小编给大家分享一些常见的近义词,希望大家不要再跳入“坑”里。
▶1、compel,constrain,force,oblige都有“强迫”的意思。
▶compel v.强迫,迫使,常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事;有时也表示“别无办法,不得不做”。
eg:His illness compelled him to stay in bed. 他的病迫使他卧床休息。
▶constrain v.力劝,强迫,与compel意思相近,但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的场合。
eg:As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people. 他认为自己是艺术家,不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。
▶force v.强迫,迫使,暴力威胁的意味较浓,常用于被动语态。
eg:The thief forced her to hand over the money. 强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。
▶oblige v.(因法律、习俗等)强迫,迫使,常常用于被动。
eg:We are obliged to stop the car at a red light. 我们遇到红灯时必须停车。
▶2、comprise,compose,consist,constitute,include这一组动词都有“组成,包含”的意思。
▶comprise v.包含,包括,由……组成(整体);组成,构成。
eg:Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items. 我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。
▶compose v.构成(整体),组成;由……组成(后接of,常用于被动语态);创作(作曲、诗歌等).
eg:The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents. 委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。
▶consist v.组成,构成,由……组成(后接of,常用于主动语态);(后接in)在于,存在于。
eg:The problem consists of two parts. 问题由两部分组成。
eg:The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 这计划的好处就在于简单易行。
▶constitute v.构成,组成(整体).
eg:Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems. 犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。
▶include v.包括,包含,把……列入。
▶3、confinement,limitation,restraint“限制,局限”
▶Confinement n.限制,囚禁(于某地或某种境地).
eg:The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement. 那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。
▶Limitation n.限制,局限;(能力的)缺点,弱点。
eg:That employee has limitations on what work he can do. 那个雇员能做的工作有限。
▶restraint n.克制,抑制;约束措施。
eg:Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child. 即使母亲很生气,她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。
▶4、convert,invert,revert,transform都有“转变”的意思。
▶convert v.转变,变换,含有“使某人改变观点”的意思。
eg:He wants to convert to Catholicism. 他要皈依天主教。
▶invert v.使颠倒,使倒转,使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。
eg:The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice. 婴儿把杯子打翻,弄洒了里面的橙汁。
▶revert v.归还,恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
eg:John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John. 约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子,当他的哥哥去世后,房子的所有权重新归于约翰。
▶transform v.改变,转变,指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
▶5、credible,credulous,plausible都有“可信”的意思。
▶credible a.可信的,可靠的。
eg:That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick. 那个学生跟老师讲了实情,她没来上课是因为她病了。
▶credulous a.轻信的,易于相信的。
eg:She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money. 她很容易轻信别人,竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。
▶plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的),常带有怀疑的意思。
eg:Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced. 虽然这个解释合理,但仍不可能使我完全相信。
▶6、decline,refuse,reject,deny都有“拒绝”的意思。
▶decline v.婉言拒绝,谢绝,相当于refuse politely,主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求,后接名词或动词不定式,主语只能是人。
▶refuse v.是比较普通的用词,表示“拒绝”,含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。
▶reject v.抛弃,不采纳,主语可以是人或物,后接名词,不能接动词不定式。
eg:He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him. 他三次约她去看电影,但每一次都被拒绝。
▶deny v.否认,否定,其后可接名词,代词或that从句。
eg:The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court. 被告在法庭上否认了对他的指控。
形近易混词:
▶1、certify,rectify,testify,verify
▶certify v.证明,声称是真的。
eg:He certified it was his wife's handwriting. 他证明那是他妻子的手迹。
▶rectify v.改正,纠正;整顿。
eg:He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording. 他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。
▶testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作证;表明。
eg:He is the only person who can testify in this case. 他是这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。
▶verify v.(用事实)证实或核实。
eg:I verified the store's address by calling to check it. 我打电话询问,以核实商店的地址。
▶2、considerable,considerate
▶considerable a.相当大的,相当多的;值得考虑的。
eg:That family owns a considerable amount of land. 那个家族拥有大量的土地。
▶considerate a.考虑周到的,体贴的,后面常跟of结构。
eg:He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic. 他总是很体谅别人,他很慈善并且富有同情心。
▶3、conserve,preserve,reserve
▶conserve v.保存,保藏,保护(强调节约).
eg:In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night. 冬天,为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。
▶preserve v.保护;维持;保养;防止(食物)腐败(使不受破坏).
eg:The government preserves the rights of the individual person. 政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。
▶reserve v.保留,储备(强调为某一特殊目的);订(座位),预定。
eg:We are reserving these seats for my parents. 我们把这些座位留给我的父母。
(我是实习小编夏至:不要托延要积极,不要心动要行动。)