摘要：七月过半，考研宝宝们，你们开始看英语长难句了没？无论开始还是没开始，帮帮为大家整理了40个典型长难句的句子结构分析，收藏下来，据说看完之后再学长难句可以提高学习效率哦！

　　1. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates， Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. (1996.阅读.Text A)

　　【译文】经过六个月的争论和议会最后十六小时激烈的辩论，澳大利亚北部行政区成为全球第一个允许医生为寻求解脱的绝症患者实行安乐死的法定权威。

　　【析句】这是一个比较简单的复合长句，句子的主干是Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority。句中，after引导时间状语从句，表明发生的时间；who wish to die 是patients的定语从句，将patients的范围限定在寻求解脱的患者中；两个不定式结构to allow和to take分别是the first/序数词+to do sth和allow sb to do sth两个固定搭配的应用。

　　2. The full import may take a while to sink in... (1996.阅读.Text A)

　　【译文】这份法案的深刻意义或许需要一段时间才能被充分理解。

　　【析句】句子很简单，但不容易理解，有两个难点：(1)import"进口"的基本含义更为考生熟知，但在此句中语义不通。这里考察import作为名词的另一个意思：含义、意义，full import则是"深刻含义"。(2)短语sink in 此处意为"被充分理解"，注意与"sink into"意为"沉入到......中去"区分。

　　3. Some have breathed sighs of relief， others， including churches， right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association， bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage... (1996.阅读.Text A)

　　【译文】有些人松了一口气，而另一些如教会、生命权利组织和澳大利亚医学会都对法案以及法案仓促的通过进行了强烈的抨击。

　　【析句】句子主干是some......，others......结构，表明对安乐死法案两种不同的态度。including这里是介词，意为"包含、包括"，e.g.There were five females among the passengers，including the stewardess.

　　4. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country， a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.（1996. 阅读 Text B）

　　【译文】长久以来，在美国很多地区，旅行者打破了往常生活的枯燥而受到人们欢迎。

　　【析句】这句话有两个抽象名词break和existence，若按字面意思直译，则很难理解。在分析此类句子时，要注意把握词句的内在含义。break作动词时意为"打碎，折断"，作名词时含义相近，意为"裂口，裂缝；破裂"，还有"中断，休息"之意。例如Life at sea is a welcome break for my job as a schoolteacher. I love traveling to exotic places and I love the hard work. 而existence意 为"存在，生存"，一般情况下可看做life的同义词。因此，整句话的意思是，旅行者的到来打破了平静枯燥的生活，给当地居民带来些许新鲜感，这或许是北美人民大多热情好客的原因之一。

　　5. As is true of any developed society， in America a complex set of cultural signals， assumptions， and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.（1996. 阅读 Text B）

　　【译文】同任何发达国家一样，一系列复杂的文化特征，信念和习俗构成了美国所有社会交往的基础。

　　【析句】本句的主干是a complex of ... underlies  social interrelations。as is true of ...是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰America，而不是a complex set ...。其中，underlie意为"是......的基础；优先于"。

　　6. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial， but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.（1996. 阅读 Text B）

　　【译文】许多美国人的这种随意的友好态度不应该被看成是肤浅的或虚假的，而应解释成一种由来已久的历史文化传统。

　　【析句】这句话比较长，但结构并不复杂。主要有两个短语组成，be interpreted as和 neither ...nor...but...。注意第三个as引导的成分与前两个as引导的成分是并列的，都是与interpret的固定搭配。

　　7. Such large， impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class， an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. (1996. 阅读. Text C)

　　【译文】对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。

　　【析句】这种长句句式复杂，内容抽象，让考生一头雾水，不知所云。面对这一拦路虎，首先要抓住句子的主干，...manipulation increased numbers and importance...，(which is)an element...。主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定。而非限制性定语an element ...landowners中又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing，另一个是(which was)detached。将定语从句中省略的"引导词+be "结构补充完整，则不易与分词结构混淆。

　　8. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes， and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. (1996. 阅读. Text C)

　　【译文】像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给大批"舒适"阶层提供休憩之所。这些人依赖丰厚的收入生活，除了参加分红和偶尔参加股东大会向管理层下达命令之外，与社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。

　　【析句】这一长句的难点在于宾语comfortable classes有两个由定语从句who has retired...， who had no relation...并由and连接，而第二个定语从句中存在较长的介词短语结构，except是介词，that指代relation，drawing 和attending是并列关系，作of的宾语，to dictate their orders..是目的状语。

　　9. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands， but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.  (1996. 阅读. Text C)

　　【译文】带薪管理公司的职业经理人与工人以及他们需要的关系更加直接，但是就连他也不熟悉工人的个人状况，而这种个人了解却常常存在于现在不断消失的古老家族公司的那种家长制制度下。

　　【析句】整个句子由but引导两个转折关系的句子，第一个句子的主干是the paid manager...was in more direct with...their demands， acting for...是现在分词作定语，修饰manager；第二个句子主干是even he had...personal knowledge of the workmen...， which引导定语从句修饰familiar personal knowledge，passing aways是现在分词作定语修饰前面的old family business.将各种修饰成分与它们所修饰的内容之间的关系搞清楚，那么整句话就更容易理解了。

　　10. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.

　　【译文】美国人成群结队地涌向这些展览会是为了欣赏新的机器，从而继续对技术进步所带来的便捷保持信心。

　　【析句】句子不难，有两个to引导的目的状语从句。有三个单词值得注意：第一个是flock，动词作"聚集；成群而行"讲；第二个是admire，有"钦佩，欣赏"之义；第三个单词renew基本意思是指将陈旧的或年久失修的东西彻底地翻新或使年老的人再次恢复青春活力，即"复原，更新"；也可指一件事情从头再来或完成其未完成的东西，即"重新开始""继续"。引申还可指"补充""延长…的期限"等。

　　11. Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation， the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology.

　　【译文】由于这种鼓励技术创新的积极方法，美国工人很容易就掌握了机械技术中要求的那种独特的非语言思维方式。

　　【析句】given是介词，意为"考虑到，如果"，e.g. Given their inexperience， they've done their best. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们已经尽力了。take与介词百搭，这里的take to意为"开始； 从事； 喜欢； 形成 ... 的习惯； 容易学会"。像take、make这种看起来简单实际上复杂的单词的搭配及用法需要考生多总结、多运用。

　　12. The mechanic should sit down among levers， screws， wedges， wheels， etc.， like a poet among the letters of the alphabet， considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts， in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.

　　【译文】技工应该坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔子、轮子等工具周围，就像诗人被字母围绕，把它们当做思路的展示，每一个新组合都传达一个新想法。

　　【析句】句子的主干是The mechanic should sit down…， like a …， considering them as…， in which a...。有些考生可能会困惑，considering现在分词引导的状语从句修饰的是the mechanic，还是a poet。状语从句可以放在句首，也可放在句尾。如果从句提前，那么很明显，修饰的是the mechanic。也可以通过分析句子主干判断。

　　13. The Aswan Dam， for example， stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

　　【译文】例如，阿斯旺大坝阻挡了尼罗河的洪水，但埃及也失去了洪水退去后留下的肥沃淤泥--这一切换来得是一个使人们疾病丛生的巨大水库。如今水库里积满了淤泥，基本上无法发电。

　　【析句】句子的主干是the Aswan Dam stopped...but deprived ...。stopped和deprived是有转折关系的并列成分。that floods left作fertile silt的定语从句。破折号后all in return ...是省略了"引导词+be"的非限制性定语从句即(which was)all in return for...。非限制性定语从句中又有which引导的定语从句，which is now ...silt修饰a giant reservoir.后面的that构成so...that...的固定搭配。

　　14. This week， in the heart of civilized Europe， Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.

　　【译文】本周在文明的欧洲腹地，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人为了多瑙河上的一处水坝所引起的争端，差一点就派出了部队。

　　【析句】stop short of 意为"突然停止；未到达"，引申义相当于be close to.英语中名词结构应用十分广泛，可与所对应的的名词互换，使行文简洁生动。如本句中的in their contention over...就等于contend over(for)"争夺，斗争"。

　　15. Meanwhile， in India， the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam.

　　【译文】同时，世界银行已经贷款给印度建造纳尔达玛大坝，简直是错上加错。

　　【析句】这句话中两个单词用的很好，一个是go-ahead。give go-ahead to do sth意为"允许、批准做某事"，比起allow sb to do sth更加形象生动。另一个是wrong-headed，意为"固执己见的，坚持错误的"，与go-ahead形似，前后呼应。

　　16. Think of Gallileo's 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake's harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton.  (1998.阅读.Text.A)

　　【译文】想想十七世纪，伽利略由于叛逆性的信仰受到天主教会的审判，或是诗人威廉姆布莱克对艾萨克牛顿的机械的世界观所提出的尖锐批评。

　　【析句】句子的主干是一个祈使句，Think of...Gallileo's trial... or William Blake's harsh remarks...，of后有两个并列的宾语，宾语后分别跟介词短语for his rebelling...和against the mechanistic worldview...。注意多在作文中灵活运用介词替代重复出现的动词会有很不错的效果哦！

　　17. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well， from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.(1998.阅读.Text.A)

　　【译文】一项关于1996年的新闻故事的调查显示，很多其他组织也被贴上了反科学的标签，比如提倡消灭最后一批储存的天花病毒的机构和某些提议削减基础研究资金的共和党人。

　　【析句】句子的主干是A survey of ... reveals that...，宾语从句的主干是the anti-science tag has been attached to...groups。from...to...此处相当于such as...，每个例子分别含有一个定语从句who advocated...和who advocated，由and连接表示并列关系。

　　18. They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.(1998.阅读.Text.A)

　　【译文】他们只有一点是相同的，就是想惹怒或恐吓那些自认为更文明的人。

　　【析句】句子很短，但包含两个从句，that they tend to...作the only one thing的同位语从句，同位语从句里又包含一个定语从句who regard themselves...

　　19. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary -- the dangers of drug interactions， for example -- and many are required by state or federal regulations， it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. (1998.阅读.Text A)

　　【译文】警告往往是恰当且必要的，比如提醒药物反应带来的危险，有些警告也是州法或联邦法律所要求的。但事实上，若使用者受伤，法律条款并没有明确地保护生产商或销售者使其不必承担责任。

　　【析句】整句话的主干是主句+时间状语从句，主句中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是they actually protect...from liability，主句里又包括一个if引导的条件状语从句；while引导的时间状语从句中，有两个并列的分句warnings are...and many are...。破折号中间的内容属于插入语，抓主干时可暂时省略。

　　20. As personal injury claims continue as before， some courts are beginning to side with defendants， especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. (1998.阅读.Text A)

　　【译文】随着人身伤害起诉案件一如既往地不断增加，一些法庭的判决开始偏向被告，尤其是在商品警告标签可能起不了多大作用的情况下。

　　【析句】整句话由主句some courts are beginning...+时间状语从句as personal injury claims...as before构成。其中，主句更为复杂，又包括一个where引导的定语从句，时态虚拟为语气wouldn't have changed...。

　　21. At the same time， the American Law Institute -- a group of judges， lawyers， and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight -- issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.(1999.阅读.Text A)

　　【译文】与此同时，美国法律研究所--由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他们的建议分量极重--发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。

　　【析句】首先把破折号中间的插入语省略不看，句子的主干是the American Law Institute issued new guildelines for tort law，stating that ...是动名词引导定语从句，可以另写为which stated...。再看插入语中，包含一个whose引导的定语从句。正是各种从句的存在使得整句话显得复杂难解，也是考生在作文中应该借鉴之处。

　　22. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate， then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. (1999. 阅读. Text 5)

　　【译文】如果实验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和实施的话，那么对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。

　　【析句】首先抓主干，主干是一个带有条件状语从句的复合句If experiments are planned and carried...， then it is perfetly logical...。if条件状语从句中有一个比较结构as faithfully as the reports...indicate，相比较的成分是experiments are planned and carried out 和the reports...indicate，因为动词不同，所以后面不能用do代替，例如He runs faster than I do。主句中出现了it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to expect research to...。

　　23. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. (1999. 阅读. Text 5)

　　【译文】审计人员也完全有理由相信，确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要在一只眼盯着显微镜时，还要分心用另一只眼睛盯着现金计数器。

　　【析句】因为it此处作形式主语替代不定式引导的主语从句，所以真正的句子主干应该是to believe that... is entirely reasonable.主语从句中的主干是scientists should not be distracted by the necessity...register，后面有while引导的时间状语从句。主语从句里又包含多个从句：who know ...引导定语从句，修饰scientists；where...goingand how...there是know的宾语从句。长句里包含从句，从句中又包含从句，是英语长句难以理解的主要原因。

　　24. Nor， if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect， is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team." (1999. 阅读. Text 5)

　　【译文】如果科学家们做试验和写论文一样步骤规范、遵守要求，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中"思维与众不同的人"、喜欢其中思想较为传统的"善于团队合作"的人而受到指责了。

　　【析句】英语复合句中，从句的位置比较灵活，可根据需要放在句前、句中、句后。这里就是从句放在句子的例子，割裂了主句，增加了阅读的困难程度。本句是由一个完全否定的主句nor is management to be blamed for...和一个条件状语从句组成的if regularity and conformity are...as...as...(比较结构)构成。主语从句中连续用了三个介词，for表原因，aganist表反对，in favor of表支持，要注意英语中介词的应用；thinkers后是who引导的定语从句。

　　25. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War， it had a market eight times larger than any competitor， giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. (2000. 阅读. Text A)

　　【译文】二战结束后，美国恰好进入了这样一个繁荣时期，它当时的市场是任何竞争者的八倍大，这使得其工业具有前所未有的规模经济。

　　【析句】本句是复合句，主干是it had a market ....competitor when the United States entered...。主句里，it指代美国；此处有一个比较结构：倍数+形容词比较级+than+比较的对象；逗号后，动名词引导非限制性定语从句，相当于which gived its...。

　　26. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors， which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age， was going to be the next casualty. (2000. 阅读. Text A)

　　【译文】人们曾一度以为，半导体制造业会是下一个在海外品牌面前全军覆没的产业，而在新计算机时代居于核心地位的半导体正是美国人发明的。

　　【析句】句子的主干是It looked as though...， look与sound、sense等感官动词一起作连系动词，因此，as though 引导表语从句the making of semiconductors was going to...casualty. 注意两个逗号之间是两个并列的which引导的定语从句修饰the making of semiconductors。

　　27. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females， but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity， and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.

　　【译文】每出生一百位女婴就约有一百零五位男婴降生，但到成年，这一比例基本持平，七十多岁的老人里，健在的老年女性的数量是老年男性的二倍。

　　【析句】这个长句比较简单，是由三个简单句由and、but连接，形成简单的并列或转折关系，每个简单句中没有增加句子长度的从句。

　　28. This means that， for the first time， there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate.

　　【译文】这意味着到了男孩寻找伴侣的关键年龄将首次出现男孩过剩。

　　【析句】这是一个很典型的复合长句，首先抓主干，主句是一个简单句This means that...，从句在mean后是宾语从句；主句没有从句，这意味着不必分析"主从"；看"从从"，宾语从句there will be an...years后有一个when引导的时间状语从句。至此，基本的逻辑关系就分析清楚了。

　　29. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.

　　【译文】今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化，意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中、上层中已经失去了80%的效力。

　　【析句】句子的主干是The grand mediocrity of today means that...(主句)+the natural selection...(宾语从句)，破折号之间是伴随状语；主句和从句中都没有进一步的从句，因此整句话相对来说不难理解。

　　30. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion， it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at， for， however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today， it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. (2000. 阅读. Text C)

　　【译文】当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的，因为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。

　　【析句】这一复合句的主干包括一个主句it is advisable to find out... aiming at和两个从句：时间状语从句when...fashion，原因状语从句for it is possible...。主句中find out后是what引导的宾语从句，it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式。时间状语从句比较简单，而原因状语从句算得上整句话的难点，首先因为for与它引导的从句被割裂，必须跳过两个逗号之间的部分将引导词和从句连接起来才能理解这句话的意思；其次，原因状语从句还带有一个让步状语从句，however farfetched ...may seem today，而且为倒装。

　　31. With regard to Futurist poetry， however， the case is rather difficult， for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature. (2000. 阅读. Text C)。

　　【译文】然而，就未来主义派诗歌而言，情况却相当不同了。因为无论未来派诗歌为何物--即使承认其理论依据是正确的--也很难称其为文学作品。

　　【析句】句子的主干是the case is rather difficult， for it can...literature。主句里，with regard to是介词短语，并非从句，however表示与上文有转折关系。这一长句的难点主要在for引导的原因状语从句中。从句中，it can hardly...literature 是主句，又包含一个让步状语从句whatever Futurist poetry may be。两个破折号之间是动名词引导的插入语，甚至插入语中也存在一个which引导的定语从句。例2与例1结构相似，都是从句被其他成分割裂，需要考生自己判断整合。

　　32. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms. (2000. 阅读. Text C)

　　【译文】在某首诗中，未来派诗人用一行文字描写了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在桥上发生搏斗的场面，结果双双从桥上掉入河中。看了这样的诗，有点让人摸不着头脑，后来看了注解才发现，诗把他们两人落水的声音和体重写在了一起："扑通！扑通！185公斤。"

　　【析句】句子长，结构复杂，考生不容易马上抓住句子大意。解题的对策是首先找出句子的主干部分，it is a little upsetting to read...and to find...。其中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是to read...and to find...。read后that...是第一个宾语从句，作read的宾语，从句里又有一个介词which引导的定语从句修饰bridge；find后that...是第二个宾语从句，作find的宾语。一定要注意句子中破折号、两个逗号之间的成分，把握句子的主干，然后层层分析。

　　33. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. (2000. 阅读. Text D)

　　【译文】战后婴儿出生高峰期的到来以及妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场，限制了青少年的发展机遇，这些青少年已经开始质疑在进好学校，找好工作，攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯的过程中所付出的的沉重个人牺牲是否值得。

　　【析句】本句较长，但结构并不十分复杂。句子的主干是The coming of age...and an entry of women... have limited the opportunities of teenagers. 后有who引导的定语从句who are...sacrifices，修饰teenagers；同时，定语从句中又包含过去分词引导的从句involved in ...相当于which were involved...。

　　34. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama， who was then education minister， raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents." (2000. 阅读. Text D)

　　【译文】去年，时任教育大臣的Mitsuo Setoyama就提出责难，他认为二战后美国占领当局引进的自由改革削弱了"日本尊敬父母的道德观"。

　　【析句】本文的主干是Mituso Setoyama raised eyebrows when he argued...。其中，主句中，有who引导的定语从句，修饰Mitsuo Setoyama，点明人物身份；从句是when引导的时间状语从句，argue后that引导宾语从句，introduced by...WW II是liberal reforms的定语。修饰成分再多再长，只要找准主干再层层分析，问题就迎刃而解。

　　35. With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated， two-generation households. (2000. 阅读. Text D)

　　【译文】随着经济的发展，居住集中化也随之而来，在日本1亿1900万人当中，足有76%住在城市，在那里社区和几世同堂的大家庭已经成为过去，取而代之的是单门单户的两代之家。

　　【析句】注意第一句话后的标点符号为分号，说明这是完整的句子，而不是with 引导的伴随状语。实际上这是一个倒装句，真正的语序是centralization has come with economic growth.分号后，句子主干是76% of citizens live in cities，where引导地点状语从句，修饰cities。英语长难句中，一定不要忽视标点符号的作用。

　　36. Instead， we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles， which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life， whose own children are enrolled in private schools. (2000. 阅读. Text E)

　　【译文】相反，我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一栋避暑别墅；激进的出版商到三星级餐馆就餐；倡导终生参与民主的新闻记者却把自己的子女送进私立学校。

　　【析句】本句很长，但结构相对简单：主句是we are treated to ...spectacles， 后跟非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子。冒号之后，是对于hypocritical spectacles的解释说明，共有三个名词，the critic of...+介词短语；the publisher of...+who引导的定语从句；the journalist+动名词引导的定语结构+whose引导的定语从句。

　　37. This does not mean that ambition is at an end， that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings， but only that， no longer openly honored， it is less openly professed. (2000. 阅读. Text E)

　　【译文】但这并不意味着雄心已经穷途末路，人们不再感到它对人们的激励了，只是人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地坦白了。

　　【析句】句子的主句是This does not mean，但主要内容表现在后面that引导的宾语从句，前两个是并列关系，后一个与前两个成转折关系，that ambition ...end， that people...promptings，but that it is less professed。no longer openly honored作最后一个宾语从句的伴随状语。

　　38. Such， then， is the way things stand: on the left angry critics， on the right stupid supporters， and in the middle， as usual， the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. (2000. 阅读. Text E)

　　【译文】于是，情况就成了这样，左边是愤怒的批评家，右边是愚蠢的支持者，而居中的通常是大多数认真而努力追求成功的人。

　　【析句】主句Such is the way things stand中，things stand是省略了引导词的定语从句，冒号后进一步解释说明三种人，介词短语在前，省略了系动词are，主语在后。

　　39. Sad to say， this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes， combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. (2001. 阅读. Text 3)

　　【译文】遗憾的是，这次新闻机构新都调查计划结果只获得了一些肤浅的发现，诸如新闻报道中的事实错误、拼写或语法错误，和这些低层次发现交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。

　　【析句】英语阅读中有不少长句自成一段，本句就是一例。句子的主句是this project has turned out to be ...finds， about+后面三个名词作宾语的补语；逗号后combined with...puzzlement是过去分词引导的伴随状语，里面又含有what引导的宾语从句。

　　40. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers， which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.  (2001. 阅读. Text 3)

　　【译文】新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的"标准模式"与众多读者的意趣相差甚远。

　　【析句】句子主干是there be的主句加which引导的非限制性定语从句，定语从句中why引导宾语从句作explain的宾语。如果考生不理解standard templates，可以参考上下文中给出的解释即standard patterns。

　　（我是实习小编小白：拥有梦想只是一种智力，实现梦想才是一种能力。）

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