干货奉上:2020考研英语熟词僻义(二)
摘要:英语的熟词僻义是考研中的重难点,但是很少会有老师会专门对此进行讲解。因此,帮帮专门整理了英语熟词僻义的一系列文章。本次专门为大家带来熟词僻义的名词版本。
►1.Address
n.地址,通讯处,致词;
v.①致函,写姓名地址;②向……讲话;③处理
【真题链接】 Depending on whom you are addressing (v.②), the problems will be different.[2002年Text1]
【译文】 根据与你不同的谈话对象,要谈的问题也有所不同。
【真题链接】 Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are (17:comprehensive) programs that address (v.③) the many needs of the homeless.[2006年完形]
【译文】 《波士顿环球日报》记者克里斯?雷迪认为只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家可归者的各种需求,这种局面才有可能得到改善。
►2.age
n. ①年龄; ② 时代;
v. 变老,老化
【真题链接】The change met the technical requirements of the new age(n.②) by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
【译文】这种变革通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求,并防止了效率的降低,而在过去这种低效率使得许多旧式家族企业在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、三代手中破产倒闭。
【真题链接】 As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age(v.) as productively as they have.[2003年Text 4]
【译文】作为一名年仅68岁的人,我希望像他们一样在老龄阶段保持创造力。
►3.Anchor
n.①锚;②新闻节目主持人;v.抛锚,停泊
【真题链接】 Fast-food eaters, news anchors (n.②), text messengers, all smiling, smiling.[2006年Text4]
【译文】 快餐食客、新闻主播、发短信的人,都在微笑、微笑。
【真题链接】 Hot spots, anchored (v.) in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question.[1998年Text5]
【译文】 位于地壳深处的热点提供了解决该问题的测量依据。
cook n.炊事员,厨师;v.①烹调,煮,烧;②伪造
【真题链接】 If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook (v.①) first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.
【译文】比方我们想请朋友吃晚餐,我们就会筹划菜谱、写购物单、决定先煮什么菜等,这样的筹划对于举行任何形式的宴请都是必不可少的。
【真题链接】 Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties----he is not supposed to cook (v. ②) his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.[2006年翻译]
【译文】像其他人类一样,普通科学家甚至在每天日常的工作中都遭遇到了道义上的问题——他不应该伪造实验结果,编造证据,或篡改报告。
►4.beam
n.①(横)梁,桁条;②(光线的)束,柱;
v.①微笑;②发光
真题链接】 Our magazines feature beaming (v.①) celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.[2006年Text4]
【译文】 我们的杂志突出刊登满面春风的名人和美满幸福的家庭。
►5.bill
n. ①账单;②纸币,钞票 ;③议案,法案
【真题链接】A bill(③) by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start .[2005年Text 2]
【译文】西弗吉尼亚的民主党议员Robert Byrd提出一项议案,从经济上激励私企,就是一个良好的开端。
►6.cement
n.①水泥;②胶泥,胶接剂;
v.①胶合;②巩固,加强
【真题链接】 Egypt’s leadership in the Arab world was cemented (v.②) by the Aswan High Dam.[1998年Text1]
【译文】 埃及在阿拉伯世界的领导地位因阿斯旺大坝而得以巩固。
►7.chair
n.①椅子;②主席(职位);
vt.主持,担任
【真题链接】 “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair (n.②) of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center,“If you don’t like it, change it.”[2005年Text3]
【译文】 芝加哥医疗中心心理部主任Rosalind Cartwright说道:“这是你的梦,你不喜欢它,你可以改变它”。
【真题链接】 Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired (vt.) by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.[1999年Text4]
【译文】 他宣称反对利用这种非同寻常的畜牧学技术去克隆人,并下令禁止使用联邦资金做这样的实验——尽管还没有人提议要那样做——并责令成立一个由普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德?夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组,在90天内拿出有关克隆人的国策建议,向白宫汇报。
►8.character
n . ①性格,品质,特性; ②人物,角色; ③ 字符,(汉)字
【真题链接】Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character (n. ①). [2004 年翻译]
【译文】达尔文确信,没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣,而且可能会有损于一个人的思维能力,更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。
【真题链接】Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character (n. ②)who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. [1999 年Text 3]
【译文】我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念,即他必须准确判断自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影响的,否则他的公民特征就是不完整的。
【真题链接】The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters(n. ③). [2004 年Text 2]
【译文】世界三大中央银行行长(Greenspan,Duisenberg,Hayami)全都接近字母表的上端,三人之中有一人即使用日文也是如此。
►9.climate
n.①气候;②风气,社会思潮
【真题链接】 The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates (①).[1998年Text4]
【译文】 逃离人口过度稠密区的做法改变了以前那种离开寒冷地带去气候宜人之地的趋势。
【真题链接】 When the work is well done, a climate (②) of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.[1999年完形]
【译文】 如果此项工作做得好的话,就会形成无事故作业的好风气,因此那儿的因工伤事故所造成的时间损失就会被控制在最低限度。
►10.Code
n.①代码,代号,密码;②法典,法规,规范
【真题链接】 Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code (①) during World War II to send secret messages.[2004年翻译]
【译文】 美洲的土著语言是如此地“与众不同”,甚至美军在第二次世界大战中使用土著语言Navajo作为密码发送秘密信息。
【真题链接】 But his primary task is not to think about the moral code (②), which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. [2006年翻译]
【译文】但是,普通科学家的主要任务并非思考支配其行为的道德规范,正如我们并不指望商人把精力投入到探索行业规范一样。
►11.column
n.①圆柱,柱状物;②列;③(报刊中的)专栏
【真题链接】 “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column (③), “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.”[1997年Text4]
【译文】 他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道:“对任何一个民主社会的检验标准不在于它能多有效地压制各种情感的表达,而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由,尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。”
►12.coverage
n.①新闻报导(范围);②保险项目
【真题链接】 With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation’s news coverage (①), as well as listen to it.[1996年Text2]
【译文】 随着BBC(英国广播公司)全世界电视节目的开播,亚洲和美洲的数以百万计的人不仅可以听到它的新闻广播,而且也能看到它的电视新闻报道了。
►13.crack
n.①裂纹,缝隙;②破裂声;
v.①(使)开裂;②解决;③(get ~ing)开始
【真题链接】 As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks) (n.①); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.[1998年Text5]
【译文】 随着这个圆顶的增大,板块出现深深的裂缝;至少有几次,大陆可能会沿着其中的一些裂缝完全裂开,因此这个热点就引发了一个新的海洋的形成。
【真题链接】 Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked (v.①) rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.[1997年Text5]
【译文】 因此,才会有人将货币政策的指导作用比作是驾驶一辆带有黑色挡风玻璃、破碎的后视镜及方向盘失灵的汽车。
【真题链接】 So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking (v.③) about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[2005年新题型]
【译文】 所以,当官员们聚集在尼亚加拉瀑布城像往常一样不停的抱怨时,他们也应该在自己的权限范围内开始做些有利于他们的预算和病人的事情。
►14.craft
n.①工艺,手艺,技巧;②飞机,飞船;③行业;
v.精工制作
【真题链接】 The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft (n.①) information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.[1994年翻译]
【译文】 推崇技术的现代学派认为,像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯韦、爱因斯坦这样的大师以及像爱迪生这样的发明家都非常重视科学实验中使用的不同技术信息和技术设施,并从中受益颇深。
【真题链接】 The irony of the historian’ s craft (n.③) is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process .[1999年翻译]
【译文】 具有讽刺意味的是,在历史学领域,历史学家都知道,他们所做的努力只不过是为一个永无止境的研究过程做一些贡献罢了。
►15.Doctor
n.①博士;②医生;
v.伪造,篡改
【真题链接】 “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St.Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor (n.②).”[2002年Text1]
【译文】 “这是谁啊?”新来的人问圣彼得。“哦,那是上帝,”他回答说,“但有时也认为自己是一名医生。”
【真题链接】 Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor (v.) his reports. [2006年翻译]
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