【摘要】考研英语中长难句的形成主要通过以下四种方式：复合从句、成分省略、使用插入语和改变语序。长难句结构复杂，迷惑性强。本文对经典长难句进行解析，将长难句拆分为简单句进而逐个攻破。大学士考试网携手2016大纲解析人第一时间解读大纲，点击免费报名

　　
　　▶长难句训练
　　1、This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　2、Of course, some regulation is inevitable and undoubtedly necessary, but a free and democratic society functions best when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government.

　　3、Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

　　4、Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

　　5、While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

　　▶长难句训练题解析
　　1、during the Second World War介词短语作状语；when several governments came to the conclusion … foreseen in detail做定语修饰the Second World War; that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail定语从句修饰conclusion; that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment定语从句修饰demands.
　　参考译文：
　　这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

　　2、Of course介词短语作状语；
　　从属连词when 引导的从句it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government为状语修饰动词function。
　　参考译文：
　　当然，某些规定是不可避免并且是必需的，但是只有当社会让民众通过自己的理智判断而非政府管制去解决道德难题时，一个自由民主的社会才能最大限地发挥其功能。

　　3、句子的主干是Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which引导定语从句，修饰linguistic determinism。定语从句的谓语动词是states，两个that引导宾语从句，并列作为states的宾语。
　　参考译文：
　　沃尔夫进而相信类似某种语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。

　　4、句子主干是Additional social stress may also occur。because of 的后边接两个名词短语the population explosion和problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport来表示原因。其中，第二个名词短语又含有一个短语themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport来补充说明mass migration movements。因此，这里的代词themselves指代名词短语mass migration movements。“made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰themselves。
　　参考译文：
　　由于人口的猛增或大量的人口流动（现代交通工具使这种流通变得相对容易）造成的种种问题也回对社会造成新的压力。

　　5、while引导让步状语从句，其意思是“虽然”。不定代词one 指代名词短语definition of history。that引导定语从句，修饰one。
　　参考译文：
　　几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

　　（实习编辑：张嘉琪）