1. be determined by 由…所决定

2. have something to do with 与…有关

3. be central to sth. 是…的核心

4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反

5. be due to 由于(常做表语)

6. be deprived of 被剥夺

7. respond to 对…作出反应

8. as the basis of 依据/根据

9. be born with 天生具有

10. In contrast 相比之下

11. shut off 关上，停止，切断

12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何; in no case 决不

13. or so 大概，大约

14. at the rate of 以…的速率

15. take time 花费时间

16. be likely to 可能;倾向于

17. result in 导致

18. not nearly 远不能;远非

19. head into走向;陷入(危机)

20. in the matter of 关于;就…而言

21. make…possible 使…成为可能

22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来;加上

23. in the fashion of 以…方式

24. such…as 像…一样

25. refer to…提到;谈到

26. agreement on 一致意见

27. be comparable to 和…相当;犹如

28. in terms of 根据;按照;在…方面

29. on the whole 总体来说;大体上看

30. draw a conclusion 得出结论

31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度

32. only if 只要

33. the same…as 与…一样

34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺