2017考研英语语法小讲：非谓语动词中的动词-ing形式

动词的现在分词形式内容上是动词概念，但是从使用角度来讲，在句子当中往往充当形容词(作定语或宾语补足语)和副词(作状语)的角色。动名词的内容也是动词，使用上往往充当名词(作主语、宾语、同位语和表语等)。

　　1.作定语

当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前(前置定语);如果是分词短语作定语，放在名词后(后置定语)。

【例句】The person talking to Cindy is Kimi.跟Cindy聊天的那个人是Kimi。

2.作表语

【例句】The present situation is inspiring.当前形势一片大好。

　　3.作宾语补足语

在感官动词和使役动词作谓语时，要加补语进行补充说明，否则句子表达不完整。常见动词有：五看：see, watch, notice, observe, look at;三使：make, let, have;两听：hear, listen to;一感觉：feel，还有find, get, keep, leave, catch等。

【例句】Tom found it interesting to keep Jerry having waited for the whole afternoon.汤姆觉得让杰瑞等了一下午很有趣。

　　4.作状语

①作时间状语

【例句】(While)Working in the university, he was an outstanding teacher.在大学工作时，他是一名出色的教师。

②作原因状语

【例句】Being a communist, Leifeng was always helping others.雷锋是共产党员，经常帮助他人。

③作方式状语，表示伴随

【例句】Tom stayed at home, cleaning, washing and taking care of the children.汤姆待在家里，又擦又洗还带孩子。

④作条件状语

【例句】(If)Spending the college years in playing Dota, you will waste your valuable time.要是大学时代都花时间打Dota了，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

⑤作结果状语

【例句】Tom dropped the glasses onto the ground, breaking it into pieces.汤姆把眼睛掉地上了，结果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的状语

【例句】Tom went fishing the other day.几天前汤姆去钓鱼了。

⑦作让步状语

【例句】Though having rained heavily, it cleared up very soon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。

⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格

【例句】All the railway tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有火车票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。

⑨作独立成分

【例句】Generally speaking, boys are less careful.一般说来，男孩子比较粗心。

5.作主语

【例句】Living alone with no friends is difficult.一个人生活没有朋友是很艰难的。

　　6.作宾语

【例句】Government has to prevent the tourism areas from being polluted.政府必须阻止旅游景区被污染。

7.作同位语

【例句】Your habit, drinking a cup of tea after dinner, remains unchanged.你饭后一杯茶的习惯仍未改变。