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2017考研英语语法小讲:代词

考研英语  时间: 2019-03-08 17:05:50  作者: 匿名 

2017考研英语语法小讲:代词

  一、人称代词

  (一)人称代词的主格、宾格

人称代词的主格在句中作主语、表语,宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语,主格和宾格不可混用。

例句: When school was over, Jack and me went home together.

分析: me应改为I,因为它处在主语的位置上。

例句: Each cigarette which a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease from its effect. (1996年第14题)

分析: 该句是复合句,其中which a person smokes是修饰each cigarette的定语从句,he指代前面的a person。

译文: 一个人吸的每一支烟都对他的身体有害,最终他将因吸烟患上一种严重的疾病。

  (二)it的用法

1. 代替除人以外的一切生物或事物(可代替单个词、词组或句子)。

例句: The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes. (2000年第19题)

分析: 该句是复合句,其中he composes是省略了关系代词which/that的定语从句,修饰the moment, 而almost as much as the composer作状语修饰enjoys。

译文: 理想的听众是当音乐奏响时既能置身其中又可超然其外的人,并且几乎可以像作曲家在创作音乐时那样享受音乐。

例句: You have saved my life and I will never forget it.

分析: it指you have saved my life。

译文: 你曾经挽救过我的生命,我决不会忘记这件事。

2. 表示时间、距离、天气等自然现象。

例句: It is time now to tell the Americans they are on the wrong track.

译文: 现在是时候告诉美国人他们走错路了。

例句: She didnt come back until it was 12:00.

译文: 直到12点她才回来。

例句: It is about 50 miles to school.

译文: 到学校大概50英里。

3. 作形式主语(真正的主语为动名词、不定式或主语从句)

例句: But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stressfree, happinessenhancing parenthood arent in some small,subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience. (选自2011年Text 4)

分析: 该句是复合句。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是to wonder if the images arent contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience;we see every week of stressfree, happinessenhancing parenthood是一个定语从句,修饰the images;介词短语in some small,subconscious way作状语,表示方式。

译文: 我们想知道每周看到的“毫无压力、提升幸福感”的为人父母形象是否在以某种细微的、潜意识的方式加剧我们对现行生活体验的不满呢?这很有意思。

例句: In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

(2007年第49题)

分析: 该句是复合句。it是形式主语,定语从句who do not have a clear grasp...Constitution修饰journalists,can do是宾语从句how...的谓语部分。

译文: 事实上,很难想象那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。

4. 作形式宾语

例句: The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. (选自2011年Text 2)

分析: 该句是简单句。其中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是to be between jobs or to leave a bad one,more acceptable作宾语补足语。

译文: 金融危机已经使得等待工作机会或者辞去糟糕的工作这种行为更容易被人接受了。

例句: There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter what he does. (1998年第7题)

分析: 该句是简单句。no matter what he does在句中作状语,表示让步,分词短语making...作over 100 night schools的补足语。

译文: 这个城市有100多所夜校,这使得专业人员无论从事什么工作都有可能接受再教育。

5. 引出强调句(强调谓语以外的其他成分)

用强调句型: It is/was+被强调部分+that(who/whom/which)+其他部分,被强调部分常为主语(从句)、宾语(从句)、状语(从句),强调状语时不能用when或where,要用that,翻译成汉语时被强调部分常用“是”、“正是”等来表示强调含义。判断是不是强调句的标准是去掉“it is/was”和“that(who/whom/which)”,如果余下部分是一个完整的句子,说明原句是一个强调句,否则就是一个由it作形式主语的句子。

例句: It was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20thcentury world of the motor car and the airplane. (选自2002年Use of English)

分析: 该句是复合句。分词短语beginning with...作主语the communications revolution的补足语,该强调句强调状语during the same time。

译文: 与此同时,通讯革命也在加速发展,从交通运输、铁路开始,发展到电报、电话、无线电和电影再到20世纪的汽车和飞机。

例句: Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. (选自1998年Text 1)

分析: 该句是简单句。句子主干为humankinds long suffering...makes...so fascinating。其中短语at the mercy of...意为“听凭……摆布,完全受……支配”。

译文: 也许正是由于人类长期听任旱涝之灾的摆布,才使得让洪水听从人类的调遣这种理想令人如此痴迷。

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