4.-ing形式作后置定语则可表示：正在进行或发生的行为（变为定语从句要用进行进态）；现在（或当时）的状态（变为定语从句时常用一般时态）。如：

The car waiting nearby （=which is waiting nearby） is a Ford.

等着附近的那辆小汽车是福特车。

The music being played（=which is being played） on the piano sounds very familiar.

正在钢琴上演奏的这首曲子听起来很熟悉。

5.短暂性动词的-ing形式一般式一般不可用后置定语。如：

Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.

应邀参加这次晚会的大多数人是著名的科学家。

不能说成：

Most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists.

6.-ing分词的完成式一般不能后置定语，除非为非限制性的后置定语。如：

This is the question discussed （=which has been discussed） for thousands of years. The question， having been discussed for thousands of years， has now been solved. 讨论多年的这个问题现在已经解决了。

不可说成：

This is the question having been discussed for thousands of years.

7.being＋adj.不能单独用作后置定语

不能说： Anyone being fit for this job can sign your name here.

应为：Anyone （who is） fit for this job can sign your name here. 任何胜任这项工作的人可以在这里签名。

8.分词作定语时，如有逗号与被修饰的名词分开，相当于一个非限制性的定语。如：

The story， written by a young girl， became popular with the young.

这个故事在年轻人间很流行，这是位小姑娘写的。

9.不定式作定语可以有自己的逻辑主语。如

It is spring， the time for us to plant trees.

春天正是植树的好季节。