听力材料

　　Now I want to tell you about what one company found when it decided that it would turn over some of its new projects to teams of people, and make the team responsible for planning the projects and getting the work done. After about six months, the company took a look at how well the teams performed.
　　现在我要给大家讲讲在一个公司考虑以团队工作的形式进行项目时候的发现吧。这几个项目是以团队的形式负责和完成的。六个月之后，公司来验收项目进行的如何。

　　On virtually every team, some members got almost a “free ride” . . . they didn't contribute much at all, but if their team did a good job, they nevertheless benefited from the recognition the team got. And what about group members who worked especially well and who provided a lot of insight on problems and issues? Well . . . the recognition for a job well done went to the group as a whole, no names were named. So it won't surprise you to learn that when the real contributors were asked how they felt about the group process, their attitude was just the opposite of what the reading predicts.
　　实际上，在每个团队都会有一些成员选择“搭便车”。这些成员并没有对团队的工作有任何贡献，但是如果整个团队很好地完成了任务，他们也会从团队所获得的认可中获利。那么对于那些在团队中努力工作，为团队所面临的问题和正义提供很多简介的人呢?没有人知道他们的名字。当这些真正的贡献者被问及团队工作的感受是，他们的态度则是和阅读部分所预计的相反的。你应该不会对这样的态度感到意外的。

　　Another finding was that some projects just didn't move very quickly. Why? Because it took so long to reach consensus; it took many, many meetings to build the agreement among group members about how they would move the project along.
　　另一个发现就是，一些项目进行的速度不是很快。为什么呢?这是因为团队需要很长的时间达成一致意见，他们需要开很多会才能在成员之间对于如何进行项目达成共识。

　　On the other hand, there were other instances where one or two people managed to become very influential over what their group did. Sometimes when those influencers said “That will never work” about an idea the group was developing, the idea was quickly dropped instead of being further discussed. And then there was another occasion when a couple influencers convinced the group that a plan of theirs was “highly creative.” And even though some members tried to warn the rest of the group that the project was moving in directions that might not work, they were basically ignored by other group members. Can you guess the ending to this story? When the project failed, the blame was placed on all the members of the group.
　　在另一方面，有些证据表明在团队中会有一到两个人会对整个团队非常有影响力。有时候，当他们对团队中正在运行的想法说了一句“这是行不通”的时候，这个想法就会在没有进行深入谈讨论之前就被放弃了。同时，还会存在这样一种情况：这些有影响力的人笃定他们相处的方法是“非常有创造性的”。这时候，即便有些成员会试图提醒其他成员项目现在正在沿着一个错误的方向进行，甚至有可能失败的。但是他们的声音会被其他的成员所忽略。你能猜到这个故事的结局吗?结局就是，当这个项目失败的时候，责备会被所有团队成员一同承担。

　　笔记内容：

　　需要注意的标志词：Another, on the other hand, because, and then there was another occasion。

　　在听力部分，because后面的话可就变得重要了。

　　笔记上的重点词：
　　记笔记是一定要的，因为考的是精听，细节记不下来就会失分。但是不要记句子，而是记单词。就这篇文章来讲，你的笔记上需要出现以下词：
　　- didn't contribute, benefit, no names were named, opposite of reading prediction.
　　- didn't move very quickly, long to consensus, many meetings.
　　- influential, never work – dropped, high creative – warn, direction not work – ignore, fail, blame on all members.

　　在实际记笔记的过程中，你可以选择自己特有的简写方法，那么你的笔记将会更加简洁。听的时候不要因为一个两个词的纠结影响大片信息的提取。