英语四、六级考试阅读中常见的重要“信号词”
下列是阅读过程中几类常见的“信号词”:
提示下文所涉及的重要信息:The main/important point/conclusion/reason… The point to note here… ;
提示下文的结构框架:There are three major reasons… ;
but和however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate.
在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示考生答案中有重要信息,例如:Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood.
有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.
文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,考生要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:Therefore the result…, In conclusion, we can conclude…, One of the primary conclusions…
举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子并不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文仅仅是举例部分信息。For example/instance like…,Such as these include…
在段落浏览时,考生在看到“信号词”后,应不断对下文信息做出相应的判断,比如:The main reason for(提示:下文信息重要)there duction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example,(提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点)in SriLanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria. Why (提示:问题的答案中有考生应关注的重点)is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer(提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的)is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point(提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmers to be successful, a change in attitude is required, where as death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words,(提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息)the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.
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