Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.

And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.

Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.

There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.

If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive— advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.

1. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that ________.

[A] he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising

[B] everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming

[C] advertising costs money like everything else

[D] it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising

2. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?

[A] Securing greater fame.

[C] Enhancing living standards.

[B] Providing more jobs.

[D] Reducing newspaper cost.

3. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is ________.

[A] very precise in passing his judgment on advertising

[B] interested in nothing but the buyers’ attention

[C] correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information

[D] obviously partial in his views on advertising

4. In the author’s opinion, ________.

[A] advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information

[B] advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over

[C] there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer

[D] the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement

5. The best title for the passage would probably be _____.

[A] Positive and Negative Aspects of Advertising

[B] Benefits Brought by Advertising and Its Persuasive Function

[C] Advertising The Best Persuasive and Information Medium

[D] Advertising the Most Effective Way to Promote Products

Text 4

It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”

The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.

Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.

　6. From the second paragraph we learn that ________.

[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries

[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia

[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law(D)

[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage

7. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________.

[A] observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia

[B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries

[C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes(B)

[D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop

8. The word “euthanasia” in the second paragraph most probably means ________.

[A] doctors’ sympathy to dying patients

[B] doctors’ aggressive medical measures to dying patients

[C] doctors’ mercy killing to reduce sufferings of dying patients

[D] doctors’ well-meaning treatment to save dying patients

9. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.

[A] face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia

[B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient

[C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering(A)

[D] undergo a cooling off period of seven days

10. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.

[A] opposition

[B] suspicion

[C] approval(C)

[D] indifference

1. [D] 这句话可直译为：将钱花在广告上是我所知道的好的花钱方式之一。意为：将钱花在广告上好或很值(worthwhile)。

该句的非比较级形式为：Money spent on advertising is money spent well.在该句中，any指任何一种好的花钱方式(any money spent well);know of意为：知道，所了解到的。其实，该句所陈述的内容不仅是第一段的主题思想，也是全文旨在说明的问题。在第一段的其他部分，作者就列举了合理的广告带来的诸多方面的益处。

A意为：他对广告的价格了如指掌。这显然不对。

B意为：众人皆知做广告很费钱(money consuming)，即：做广告很贵。

C意为：像做其他事一样，做广告要花钱。

2. [A] secure在此意为：取得，获得。A意为：获得更大知名度。这是原文所未提到的。

原文第一段历数了广告所带来的诸多益处。它直接有助于产品以合理价格迅速销出(distribution)，在稳定国内市场(home market)的同时，使产品能以有竞争力(competitive)的价格出口进入国际市场;它给人以新的消费观，从而大大地提高人们的生活标准;它增加了市场需求(demand)，扩大了劳动力(labour)市场，有效地扩大了就业。它使许多公共事业的服务价格低廉，因为，这些服务都可以利用登广告所嫌的钱补贴其经营费用，这使得它们可以降低价格。

B与原文内容相符。

C意为：提高生活标准。与原文内容相符。

D与原文内容相符。

3. [D] 在这一题的提问部分，deem意为：认为。选择项D中partial意为：片面的，不公平的。

文章第四段和第五段讨论了一个反对广告的著名电视工作者(television personality)的看法。他反对广告的理由是：广告是劝诱性的(persuade)，而不是客观地提供信息(inform)，但是，作者认为：作这种区别有些过于细微了(excessively fine)，广告当然要劝诱人们。即使在很小的方面，也很难做到只局限于(confine... to)客观地提供信息，而且，那样的话，广告就失去了吸引力，没人会注意它。由此可见，在作者看来，广告的这两方面很难严格地区别开来，二者是有机地结合在一起的，不能顾此失彼。

A意为：准确地表达了他对广告的评价。这里，pass意为：表述，表达，提出。

B意为：只关心消费者的注意力。这里，nothing but意为：只有，除……之外都不。

C意为：区分劝诱与信息提供是有道理的。这里，tell the difference意为：区分，区别。

4. [C] 意为：广告劝诱消费者无可指责。

作者认为，毫无疑问，广告会劝诱消费者。它不仅是这样，而且应该是这样，否则，广告便失去了吸引力而没人看了。参阅第53题题解。

A是不对的。正如第三段所指出的，广告给社会(community)带来的物质利益(material benefit)比其他形式都大。

B意为：广告应给人以新的(消费)观念，而不在于说服人。这里，win over意为：说服，争取;rather than意为：而不是。可见，所表达的内容与原文中作者表达的观点相反。

D意为：消费者不关心广告所提供的信息。这与作者的观点也不同，作者仅是说：广告不能仅局限于提供客观信息，否则，就无法吸引消费者。参阅第53题题解。

5. [B]意为：广告带来的好处和它的促销作用。

本题问：本文最好的标题是什么?本文第一段谈到做广告的社会效益。第2、3段讲广告使物有所值，因而贡献巨大。最后两段论述广告的促销作用。故应选B. D具有片面性，不能入选。

Text 4

6. [D] 意为：理解该法获批准的意义尚需要时间。

第二段第一句是该段的主题句，该句意为：其(即这一立法的)整体含义(import)可能需要一段时间才为人彻底理解(sink in)。其实，该段的第二句是对第一句更具体的阐释，该句可译为：北部地方州(此处NT是Northern Territory的缩略形式，指澳大利亚中北部地区)晚期病****利法的批准使医生和普通人都在思索其道义与实践方面的含义。本段下文提到了支持和反对该法的两种观点。

A意为：在(除澳大利亚以外的)其他国家，对安乐死的反对意见缓慢而至。这一点该段没有提到。实际上，听到该法批准后，远在美国和加拿大的人也很快作出了反应。

B意为：在安乐死这一问题上，医生和普通人观点相同。正像该段第三句所指出的，对于该法的批准，意见分歧很大。有些人松了口气，而有些人——包括教堂、保卫生命权益组织与澳大利亚医学会——对该法进行激烈的抨击，认为它的批准过于仓促。

C意为：技术(条件)的变化应对该法的仓促批准负主要责任。该段第五句意为：在澳大利亚，其他州也将考虑通过制定同样的一项法律来解决安乐死问题，而促成这一形势的是澳大利亚老化的人口、生命延续技术、正在变化的社会态度等因素。可见，这与C所表达的内容不一样。

7. [B] 意为：美国、加拿大及其他国家也可能批准类似法律。

第二段最后一句指出，在美国和加拿大“死之权利”运动正在集结力量，观望者正在等待多米诺骨牌开始倾倒。多米诺骨牌是一种西洋骨牌游戏;游戏中将许多长方形的骨牌竖立排列成行，碰倒第一张时，其余骨牌将依次纷纷倒下。用于比喻时，这种游戏指一系列的连锁反应，即：牵一发而动全身。这里喻指：澳大利亚的形势会波及北美等国家，引起类似的做法。

A意为：观察者对安乐死的未来持观望态度。根据对B的分析，观察者等待的是是否美、加等国会在对安乐死的态度方面步澳之后尘，通过类似立法，而并非是指他们对安乐死态度暖昧、莫衷一是。

C意为：观察者正等待看多米诺游戏的结果。这种解释未免太拘泥于字面的意思。

D意为：所批准的法案的影响也许会最终停止。与原文不符。

8. [C]意为：医师为帮助生命垂危病人摆脱痛苦而采取的致死措施。

本题是一道词义题，但是解题更多的需要涉及到文章中心词，本文第一段从澳大利亚通过的一个关于安乐死法案的新闻入手，下文全部在讨论各界对该法案的反应，同时在文章最后作者以实例表明了自己对安乐死的观点，由此我们可以确定文章的中心是关于安乐死的。而考研(论坛) 文章的任何一道阅读题目的命制都是和文章中心紧密相连的。据此我们可以推断出答案为C。

A意为：医师对垂危病人的同情。

B医师对垂死病人采取的过激医疗手段。

D医师为挽救垂危病人的生命而采取的善意的治疗。

另外“euthanasia” 所在句和下面的In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.处于平衡位置，由此我们可以判断“euthanasia”和下句的the right to die大意相同,答案可以锁定C，四个选项中只有该选项与死亡相关。

9. [A] 意为：死时表现出安乐死的平静特征。

这实际上是说他将采用安乐死的方式离开人世。第三段提到，住在达尔文市(位于北部地方州)的尼克森患肺癌，对他来说，允许安乐死的法案的批准意味着他可以心情平静地生活，而无需惧怕将要遭受的死亡的折磨：由死时所产生的呼吸困难所带来的痛苦折磨。他说：从思想认识上讲，我并不怕死，但是，我怕的是如何死去，因为我曾亲眼目睹过医院的病人死时由缺氧而挣扎并抓挠氧气罩的情景。从以上的分析可以看出，尼克森先生知道自己已患绝症并依法为自己选择安乐死的方式告别人世。

B意为：经历肺癌病人所要遭受的痛苦。不对，相反，尼克森将会平静死去。

C意为：对痛苦的折磨极度恐惧。

D意为：将经历7天的平静阶段。第三段指出，根据北部地区新通过的法律，要求安乐死的病人必须具备以下条件：1)该病人必须由两名医生诊断为晚期病人;2)平静考虑7天后，病人签署一个申请证书;3)48小时后再给病人实行安乐死。可见，这里所说的“平静”7天是让病人(及其家庭)平静、认真地考虑一下是否选择采用安乐死这一形式。

10. [C] 意为;赞同。

这是一篇新闻体文章，在新闻体文章中，写作者往往通过引用相关者的观点来结束讨论，并将自己的态度通过引用间接地表述出来。本文以尼克森的话结束了对安乐死的讨论，而尼克森是安乐死的支持者。另外，文章的大部分文字陈述了对安乐死法案的褒扬态度，而反对态度却一带而过。从这两方面来看，作者对安乐死持赞同态度。

A意为：反对。

B意为：怀疑。

D意为：不关心。