第1页：2017年考研英语阅读理解考前冲刺试题第四套

第2页：考研各科目历年真题汇总（2016-2011）

第3页：2017年考研热点资讯推荐

第4页：2017考研英语模拟试题

第5页：2017考研英语备考辅导

When Ellen M. Roche， 24， volunteered for the asthma experiment， she didn’t expect to benefit from it——except for the $365 she’d be paid. Unlike clinical trials， in which most patients hope that an experimental therapy will help them， this study was designed just to answer a basic question： how does the way a normal lung reacts to irritants shed light on how an asthmatic lung responds? To find out， scientists led by Dr. Alkis Togias of Johns Hopkins University had Roche and other healthy volunteers inhale a drug called hexamethonium. Almost immediately Roche began to cough and feel short of breath. Within weeks her lungs failed and her kidneys shut down. On June 2 Roche died——a death made more tragic by the possibility that it was preventable. Last week the federal Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) ruled that Hopkins’s system for protecting human subjects is so flawed that virtually all its U.S.-supported research had to stop.

The worst part is that Hopkins， one of the nation’s premier medical institutions， is not alone. Two years ago the inspector general of the Department of Health and Human Services warned that the system safeguarding human subjects is in danger of a meltdown. The boards that review proposed studies are overburdened， understaffed and shot through with conflicts of interest. Oversight is so porous that no one knows how many people volunteer to be human guinea pigs (21 million a year is an educated guess)， how many are hurt or how many die. “Thousands of deaths are never reported， and adverse events in the tens of thousands are not reported，” says Adil Shamoo， a member of the National Human Research Protections Advisory Committee and professor at the University of Maryland. Greg Koski， head of OHRP， has called the clinical-trials system “dysfunctional.”

The OHRP findings on Hopkins are nothing short of devastating. After a three-day inspection last week， OHRP concluded that the Hopkins scientists failed to get information on the link between hexamethonium and lung toxicity， even though data were available via “routine” Internet searches and in textbooks. The drug is not approved for use in humans; the hexa-methonium Togias used was labeled [F]OR LABORATORY USE ONLY. The review board， OHRP charges， never asked for data on the safety of inhaled hexamethonium in people. The consent form that Roche signed states nowhere that hexamethonium is not approved by the FDA (the form describes it as a “medication”) and didn’t warn about possible lung toxicity.

Hopkins itself concluded that the review board did not do all it could to protect the volunteers， and suspended all 10 of Togias’s studies. Still， the university——whose $301 million in federal grants for 2，000 human studies made it the largest recipient of government research money last year——is seething. “Hopkins has had over 100 years of doing clinical trials，” says Dr. Edward Miller， CEO of Johns Hopkins Medicine. “We have had one death in all of those years. We would have done anything in the world to prevent that death， but [suspending the studies] seems out of proportion.” Hopkins calls the shutdown of its experiments “unwarranted， unnecessary， paralyzing and precipitous.” OHRP is letting trials continue “where it is in the best interests” of subjects. The rest of the studies can resume once Hopkins submits a plan to restructure its system for protecting research subjects. How quickly that happens， says a government spokesman， depends on Hopkins.

注(1)：本文选自Newsweek; 7/30/2001， p36;

注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2005年真题Text 1;

1. In the opening paragraph， the author introduces his topic by

[A]explaining a phenomenon

[B]justifying an assumption

[C]stating an incident

[D]making a comparison

2. The statement “The OHRP findings on Hopkins are nothing short of devastating.”(Line

1， Paragraph 3) implies that

[A]The OHRP findings on Hopkins are much too impressive.

[B]The OHRP findings on Hopkins are much too shocking.

[C]The OHRP findings on Hopkins are much too convincing.

[D]The OHRP findings on Hopkins are much too striking.

3. The main reasons for Roche‘s death are as following， except that _______.

[A]the protecting system hasn‘t been set up

[B]the review board has neglected their duty

[C]the research team was not responsible enough for its volunteers

[D]the possibility of lung toxicity was overlooked

4. The OHRP has found that

[A]Hopkins has loose control over the experiment.

[B]the volunteers knew nothing about the experiment.

[C]there is something wrong with every aspect of the experiment.

[D]there exist many hidden troubles in human subjects safeguarding system.

5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

[A]Hopkins had no fault in this accident.

[B]Hopkins seemed not to quite agree with The OHRP

[C]Togias’s studies shouldn‘t be suspended.

[D]Hopkins wanted to begin their experiments as soon as possible.

答案：CBACB

2017年全国各地考研报名时间|现场确认时间   考试时间  模拟试题

2017年考研招生简章|专业目录|参考书目 准考证打印时间  备考经验

2017年全国硕士研究生考试报名答疑汇总   考场规则  历年真题

2017年考研模拟试题：

2017考研英语语法专项复习：语法训练汇总

考研英语模拟试题及答案：完型填空10套

2017年考研英语翻译训练汇总

2017年考研英语阅读理解练习及答案10套

2017年考研英语完型填空模拟题及答案20套

2017年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案25套

2017年考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案10套

2017年考研英语语法专项练习11套

2017年考研英语阅读理解10套

2017年考研英语完型填空专项练习12套

2017年考研英语：翻译分类练习汇总

2017年考研英语语法训练汇总

2017年考研英语完型填空练习汇总

2017年考研英语阅读理解精读19套

2017年考研英语完型填空强化模拟试题17套

2017年考研英语语法题型训练6套

2017年考研英语备考辅导：

2017考研英语完型解题技巧汇总

2017考研英语语法小讲汇总

2017年考研英语词汇：同义词辨析汇总

2017年考研英语长难词汇记忆汇总

2017考研英语作文：实用小词精选汇总

2017考研英语词汇拓展：中国特色词汇汇总

2017年考研英语高频词组汇总

2017考研英语拓展阅读汇总

相关Tags:试题及答案历年真题英语翻译英语作文英语阅读