Section ⅠUse of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. 1, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others 2 to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, 3 the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed 4 being classified as “English”.

Even in England there are many 5 in regional character and speech. The chief 6 is between southern England and northern England. South of a 7 going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, 8 there are local variations.

Further north regional speech is usually “9”than that of southern Britain. Northerners are 10 to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more 11. They are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them 12. Northerners generally have hearty 13: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous 14 at meal times.

In accent and character the people of the Midlands 15 a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.

In Scotland the sound 16 by the letter “R” is generally a strong sound, and “R” is often pronounced in words in which it would be 17 in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, 18 inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently 19 as being more “fiery” than the English. They are 20 a race that is quite distinct from the English. (289 words)

Notes: fiery暴躁的，易怒的。

1. [A]In consequence[B]In brief[C]In general[D]In fact

2. [A]confine[B]attach[C]refer[D]add

3. [A]as[B]which[C]for[D]so

4. [A]with[B]by[C]at[D]for

5. [A]similarities[B]differences[C]certainties[D]features

6. [A]factor[B]virtue[C]privilege[D]division

7. [A]line[B]row[C]border[D]scale

8. [A]who[B]when[C]though[D]for

9. [A]wider[B]broader[C]rarer[D]scarcer

10. [A]used[B]apt[C]possible[D]probable

11. [A]perfect[B]notorious[C]superior[D]thorough

12. [A]swiftly[B]promptly[C]immediately[D]quickly

13. [A]appetites[B]tastes[C]interests[D]senses

14. [A]helpings[B]offerings[C]fillings[D]findings

15. [A]designate[B]demonstrate[C]represent[D]reckon

16. [A]delivered[B]denoted[C]depicted[D]defined

17. [A]quiet[B]obscure[C]faint[D]silent

18. [A]rather[B]still[C]somehow[D]even

19. [A]rendered[B]thought[C]impressed[D]described

20. [A]with[B]of[C]among[D]against

Section ⅡReading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text1

We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “beyond dispute”.

We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary.

The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm.

Sex roles were determined according to the “place”appropriate to each. Women’s place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each its special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved”. To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man.

Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence. (454 words)

Notes: pin down 把…讲明确;确定。immutable不可改变的。dualism双重论。divergence分歧，偏离。overlapping部分巧合、一致。time-honored 由来已久的。dichotomy 一分为二，对立。sequester使隔离。be caught up in 被缠住于，如：He is caught up in the trivia (琐事) of everyday things. unduly过度地，不恰当地。

21. It is only in recent years that we have recognized that

[A]there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes.

[B]the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuous.

[C]the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of culture.

[D]the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes.

22. From paragraph 1 we can infer that it is now possible for women to embark on a career because

[A]the change in sex roles is out of the question.

[B]women’s lib has been going on for many years.

[C]ideas about the roles of women have been changing.

[D]the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the women’s roles.

23. The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the 1960s was

[A]preferable.

[B]prevalent.

[C]presumable.

[D]precedent.

24. According to the fourth paragraph, the author seems to think that

[A]female passivity is natural.

[B]men and women are physically identical.

[C]men are born competitive and aggressive.

[D]some different sex identity is acquired.

25. According to the author, which of the following is the most important reason for women to go to work?

[A]Wish to claim their rights and freedom.

[B]Ambition and self-fulfillment.

[C]Financial incentives.

[D]Desire for a social life.

Text2

The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.

The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines.

The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.

The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead—and indeed for the longer run—remained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy’s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided. (449 words)

Notes: inventory 存货。East-West tensions 东西方紧张局势。fiscal (与国库的钱有关的)财务的(常指税收)。liquidity 周转率，清偿力。leeway 余地。given 鉴于，由于。the Phase Three program 第三阶段计划。

26. The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show

[A]the continuing expansion of the economy.

[B]the growth of consumer purchasing power.

[C]the consumers’confidence in the economy.

[D]the soaring consumer incomes for spending.

27. Paragraph 2 mainly deals with

[A]the revival of stronger liquidity positions.

[B]the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies.

[C]the causes of business development for the period.

[D]economic policy measures suggested by the President.

28. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the author’s attitude toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems

[A]bitter-sweet.

[B]optimistic.

[C]sympathetic

[D]depressing.

29. Part of the public policy task, as outlined in the text, is to

[A]prevent payments deficit.

[B]avoid inflationary pressures.

[C]devalue the dollar.

[D]increase the balance of trade.

30. It can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three program contained

[A]reduced government spending.

[B]devaluation of the dollar.

[C]productivity measures.

[D]wage and price controls.

Text3

Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity, in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the world, the same tactics apply.

Advertisers now place “banners”, links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs, on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right, thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web surfing, we’ll click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in theory, buy the products advertised.

Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash, both from the advertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites, which are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technology, the volume of buying is increasing, leading to even greater profits.

The current situation, however, is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals, web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners by viewing them as annoyances, a negative image that is hurting sales, since users are now less reluctant to click on those banners, preferring not to support the system that puts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viable and profitable business practice, new methods will need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry.

With the recent depression in the technology sector and slowing economy, even new practices may not do the trick. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses over their Internet counterparts, the fate of Internet business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the world wide web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whim has passed. (404 words)

Notes: on a whim 心血潮。surf v. 冲浪。in theory在理论上，顺理成章。hosting访问率高的。call...into question质疑，对…提出疑问。

31. It can be learned from the first paragraph that Internet advertising

[A] has taken the place of more traditional methods of advertising.

[B] is one of the most effective ways to make profits on the web.

[C] is paralleling advertising methods in traditional business settings.

[D] seeks to tempt customers through impulse shopping methods.

32. The second and third paragraphs are written in order to illustrate

[A] the policy Internet advertisers design to lure clientele and its outcome.

[B] the process and mixed consequences of Internet advertising and shopping.

[C] the biggest splash Internet advertisers have recently made in sales promotions.

[D] the banners Internet advertisers take advantage of to arouse customers’interest.

33. Analyzing the current state of the online advertising in paragraph 4, the author implies that

[A] it has to be modified over time to remain effective.

[B] for all its current profits, it will fade in the long run.

[C] banners are beginning to lose their advertising efficiency.

[D] Internet advertising methods will continue to decrease sales.

34.The expression “do the trick” in the last paragraph most probably means

[A] come to the point.

[B] fulfill their purpose.

[C] fail of their success.

[D] live up to their promise.

35. The author’s attitude toward online advertising can be summarized as

[A] reserved consent but discontent.

[B] objective analysis void of opinions.

[C] enthusiastic support but slight contempt.

[D] approval so far but uncertainty in the future.

Text4

Picture-taking is a technique both for reflecting the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament, discovering itself through the camera’s cropping of reality. That is, photography has two directly opposite ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of fearlessness, questing subjectivity and the photographer is all.

These conflicting ideals arise from uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attracting because it implicitly denies that picture-taking is an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed.

An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography’s means. Whatever are the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression just like painting, its originality is closely linked to the power of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like Harold Edgerton’s high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limit imposed by pre-modern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. For example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including Walker Evans and Cartier Bresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing”. Cartier Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern camera may see too fast.

This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future (of faster and faster seeing) alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past when images had a handmade quality. This longing for some primitive state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth-century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their own knowingness. (451 words)

Notes: crop vt. 播种，修剪(树木)，收割。count for little 无关紧要。predatory 掠夺成性的。champion n. 冠军;vt. 支持。benevolent好心肠的，行善的。ambivalence 矛盾心理。make (+不定式)似乎要: He makes to begin. (他似乎要开始了。)swirls and eddies 漩涡。cult狂热崇拜。daguerreotypes (初期的)银板照相法。

36. The two directly opposite ideals of photography differ primarily in the

[A]emphasis that each places on the emotional impact of the finished product.

[B]degree of technical knowledge that each requires of the photographer.

[C]way in which each defines the role of the photographer.

[D]extent of the power that each requires of the photographer’s equipment.

37. According to paragraph 2, the interest among photographers in each of the photography’s two ideals can be described as

[A]steadily growing.

[B]cyclically recurring.

[C]continuously altering.

[D]spontaneously occurring.

38. The text states all of the following about photographs EXCEPT:

[A]They can display a cropped reality.

[B]They can convey information.

[C]They can depict the photographer’s temperament.

[D]They can change the viewer’s sensibilities.

39. The author mentions the work of Harold Edgerton in order to provide an example of

[A]the relationship between photographic originality and technology.

[B]how the content of photographs has changed from the nineteenth century to the twentieth.

[C]the popularity of high-speed photography in the twentieth century.

[D]how a controlled ambivalence toward photography’s means can produce outstanding pictures.

40. The author is primarily concerned with

[A]describing how photographers’individual temperaments are reflected in their work.

[B]establishing new technical standards for contemporary photography.

[C]analyzing the influence of photographic ideals on picture-taking.

[D]explaining how the technical limitations affect photographers’work.

Part B

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.

41)______________________ Animals have a few cries that serve as signals, but even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, even with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that he gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that in this respect picture language preceded oral language. A man could draw a picture on the wall of his cave to show in which direction he had gone, or what prey he hoped to catch. 42)_________________________

Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced. 43)___________________________

44)______________________________

These inventions and discoveries—fire, speech, weapons domestic animals, agriculture, and writing—made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B.C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these. During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At first it had been confined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris, and the Indus, but at the end of the period in question it covered much the greatest part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during the time. 45)______________________ (512 words)

Notes: ape 猿。pastoral nomad 田园式的游牧部落的人。the Euphrates 幼发拉底河。the Tigris 底格里斯河。the Indus 印度河。in question所谈的(在名词后作后置定语)。

[A] Probably picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man.

[B] Another fundamental technical advance was writing, which, like spoken language, developed out of pictures, but as soon as it had reached a certain stage, it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given.

[C] With the development of civilization, primitive people who lived in caves at that time badly needed a language, which would help them to communicate with one another.

[D] The origin of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually.

[E] In fact, there was progress—there were even two inventions of very great importance, namely, gunpowder and the mariner’s compass—but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.

[F] These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.

[G] But industry was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

Our daily existence is divided into two phases, as distinct as day and night. We call them work and play. We work many hours a day and we allow the necessary minimum for such activities as eating and shopping. 46) The rest we spend in various activities which are known as recreations, an elegant word which disguises the fact that we usually do not even play in our hours of leisure, but spend them in various forms of passive enjoyment or entertainment.

We need to make, therefore, a hard-and-fast distinction not only between work and play but, equally, between active play and passive entertainment. 47) It is, I suppose, the decline of active play — of amateur sport — and the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment which have given rise to a sociological interest in the problem. If the greater part of the population, instead of indulging in sport, spend their hours of leisure “viewing” television programs, there will inevitably be a decline in health and physique. In addition, we have yet to trace the mental and moral consequences of prolonged diet of sentimental or sensational spectacles on the screen. 48) There is, if we are optimistic, the possibility that the diet is too thin and unnourishing to have much permanent effect on anybody. Nine films out of ten seem to leave absolutely no impression on the mind or imagination of those who have seen them.

49) It is only when entertainment is active, participated in, practiced, that it can properly be called play, and as such it is a natural use of leisure. In that sense play stands in contrast to work, and is usually regarded as an activity that alternates with work.

Work itself is not a single concept. We say quite generally that we work in order to make a living. Some of us work physically, tilling the land, minding the machines, digging the coal; others work mentally, keeping accounts, inventing machines, teaching and preaching, managing and governing. 50) There does not seem to be any factor common to all these diverse occupations, except that they consume our time, and leave us little leisure.(356 words)

Section ⅢWriting

Part A

51. Directions:

Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80—100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

帮助孩子重新振作

孩子得不到帮助，后果可能很严重。根据一次全国性调查，父母离婚或分居的小孩在接下来的3年内比别的小孩更有可能出现健康问题。父母离婚的小孩留级率或停学率可能是别的小孩的两倍， 需要咨询的概率很可能比别的小孩多3倍。

仅仅靠时间无法愈合这类精神创伤，这些孩子需要成年人的帮助。下面提供3项策略，是我在为这类有问题的家庭提供咨询时总结出来的：

一、 尽早将真相告诉小孩。我们提出了以下几个办法：

亲自向孩子透露令人沮丧的消息。当孩子意识到自己和他所熟悉并信任的某个人共同分享真相时，他能正确面对几乎任何事。如果有可能，离婚的父母双方在孩子听到他们离婚的消息时都应在场。

如果家庭压力与一个意外事故有关，要说清楚事故的原委。否则，有些孩子会产生无端的负罪感。

如果有较大的突发事件，要小心地解释家庭生活可能会发生的变化。对孩子来说，了解任何事实比不明就里强。

二、 鼓励孩子将自己的情绪讲出来，但如果孩子还没准备好，也别强迫他们。小孩子和成年人一样，也需要谈谈自己的缺憾。你可以用下面几个方法帮他们敞开心扉：

发生悲剧时，首先跟孩子聊聊你自己的感受和烦恼，以便使孩子更容易表达出他们的感受。然后问些能引导进一步讨论的问题。

跟孩子谈话要挑选适当的时机和场合。

如果你无法用言语表达痛苦或担忧，可以考虑给你的孩子写一封信。让孩子理解你的内心感受很重要，这样他们才能更好地理解他们自己的感受。

三、 着眼于未来。我在伊利诺伊州的几个朋友改建了住房。改建工程完成一个星期后，一场大火毁灭了房子，全家人差点儿葬身火海。

过后，父母和孩子们坐下来谈话。“一切都过去了，”母亲说，“以后的生活绝不会跟以前一样，一定会再好起来的。”经过一年的努力，全家人搬进了新居，新房子就建在原先房子的所在地。他们的财产比以前少多了，但是他们感情上变坚强了，决心在生活上翻开新的一页。

当危机袭来时，不健康的家庭会分崩离析，健康的家庭会向前看，重新构建，他们通常会遵照下面的3条基本原则：

做父母的得先治愈自己的创伤。如果父母中的一方或父母双方带头的话，孩子就比较容易从一次较大的家庭挫折中重新振作起来。衣阿华州立大学的一些研究人员在研究中西部450个家庭的青少年受家庭经济困难的影响时发现，家庭经

济问题对十几岁少年的影响比其父母对家庭经济问题的反应要小。

把注意力重新放到家庭的价值上。不要哀叹因为你的配偶丢掉了他或她的工作你就再也不能享受某些活动了，不要喋喋不休地谈论毁于一场洪水或火灾的家庭录影集。

让小孩子参与对某些事情的决策，让他们感到自己在做贡献。一年春天，一个有几个小孩的朋友意识到，她那有病的、上了年纪的祖母再也无法自理，将不得不搬到他们那栋3个卧室的简陋房子里。父母立即和7岁的儿子、两岁的女儿讨论这个问题。“我们都必须尽力帮助她。” 母亲说，“曾祖母需要一个自己的房间。”她对7岁的儿子说：“你妹妹还在睡婴儿床，所以曾祖母只有睡你的床了。”

这男孩将不得不睡在客厅的沙发床上。“太好了!”男孩说，他为能参与这一重要的家庭决定而感到高兴，“我要让她住我的房间。”老太太搬进来后，孩子们似乎能感受到她的需求，无论什么时候，只要她在场，他们甚至会停止惯常的争吵。

2007年，在做了14年的单身母亲后，我再婚了。这件事并没有给我那3个已成年的儿子带来很大的压力，但这毕竟是一个很大的调整。我耐心地等待着他们对这一重大变化完全适应的迹象。

一天晚上，儿子们晚饭后要一起出去，他们一一跟我吻别道晚安。当他们走近我的丈夫马蒂时，我料想他们要和平时一样依次跟他握手。然而，先是迈克尔，然后是汤姆和蒂姆，走到马蒂跟前，第一次和他拥抱。那个简单动作表明他们完全接受了这个继父和我们新的家庭组合。我自豪地笑了，他们做得很好。他们能处理好他们未来人生道路上的任何问题。为人父母，最感到知足的莫过于此。(1552字)

注：重新振作bounce back。

Part B

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picture. In your essay, you should

1) describe the cartoon briefly,

2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by the cartoon, and

3) give your point of view.

You should write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

Section ⅠUse of English

参考答案及解析

参考译文

许多没有到过大不列颠的外国人把这里的所有居民都叫做英格兰人，因为他们习惯于把大不列颠群岛认为是英格兰。实际上，大不列颠群岛上有许多民族，只有英格兰的人才把自己称为英格兰人。而其他人称自己为威尔士人、苏格兰人和爱尔兰人，事情可能就是这样。把他们一概统称为“英国人”，常会使他们感到有点生气。

即使在英格兰也有许多地区性特点和言语方面的差别。主要区别存在于南英格兰与北英格兰之间。从布里斯托到伦敦的连线以南,人们说的英语就是外国学生通常所学的那种英语,尽管有些地方性差异。

再往北的方言通常比英国南部方言的差异“更大”。 北部人往往声称他们比南部人更勤奋,因而更纯正。他们真诚和殷勤。外国人常常发现，他们很快就与北部人交上朋友。北部人一般心宽体胖胃口好，例如,到兰开郡或约克郡的参观者在吃饭时可以有望得到丰盛的饭菜。

在口音和特征方面，米德兰(英格兰中部地区)的人代表了从南部型英格兰人到北部型英格兰人的逐渐变化。

在苏格兰,字母“r”所表示的音是强音,并且“r”常常在有些词中读出声来,在南部英语中这些词中的“r”是不发音的。据说，苏格兰是一个严肃、谨慎、节俭的民族，更有创造力并且有点神秘感。英伦三岛的所有凯尔特人种(威尔士、爱尔兰人、苏格兰人)常被描述成比英格兰人更加“脾气暴躁”。 他们具有与英格兰人完全不同的血统。

1. [答案] [D]In fact

[注释] 逻辑搭配。in fact 实际上;常表示语气的转折。in consequence因此; in brief简短地;总而言之; in general 一般来说。从上下文的逻辑意思看，in fact最为贴切。

2. [答案] [C]refer

[注释] 词义型结构搭配。refer to...as 把…称做…; confine...to 把…局限于;管制;attach...to 缚上,系上,贴上,使…依附于,使…依恋; add to (= increase) 增加。

注意：1) attach importance/significance to重视，例如：They attached great importance to his speech.

2) 信件用语，例如：Attached to this letter, you will find... 随信附上…。

3. [答案] [A]as

[注释] 逻辑搭配。as 作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作表语,代表整个主句的意思。as the case may be 可译为“事情可能就是这样”。which 虽然也可以引导非限制性定语从句,但在此类带有插入句性质的定语从句中均用as,例如：As is known to all, water consists of oxygen and hydrogen.

4. [答案] [C]at

[注释] 结构搭配。be annoyed at对…感到烦恼、不痛快。

5. [答案] [B]differences

[注释] 逻辑型词义搭配。解这类题的技巧是瞻前顾后,注意上下文的逻辑联系,然后区别词义,选择恰当的词填入短文中,使句子前后贯通,与全文融为一体。

6. [答案] [D]division

[注释] 逻辑型词义搭配。前一句中的differences暗示此处应选division。

7. [答案] [A]line

[注释] 词义搭配。row (横)排; border 边界; scale 尺度,规模。

8. [答案] [C]though

[注释] 逻辑搭配。此处表示让步关系,故应选[C]。

9. [答案] [B]broader

[注释] 词义搭配。wide广大的，广泛的。它侧重指两边的距离(distance)。broad广阔的。它侧重指本身的广度(amplitude)。如：a wide use of a word。This is a broad question.此外，形容眼、口的大，应当用wide;形容肩、胸的大，应当用broad。本句中指方言本身的范围，故用broader更妥。

10. [答案] [B]apt

[注释] 结构型词义搭配。be apt to do sth. 倾向于,习惯于：A careless person is apt to make mistakes. be used to doing sth. 习惯于(后接名词或动名词)。sb. is possible to do sth. 是错误的,应改为It is possible for sb. to do sth.。probable (很可能成为现实的)经常用于“It is probable that...”句型中或sth. is probable句型中,例如：1)It is probable that it will rain today. 2)Colder weather is probable. 此外, probable 也可以作定语形容词,修饰名词,如：He is a probable candidate.

11. [答案] [D]thorough

[注释] 结构型词义搭配。thorough 纯正,完美。perfect没有比较级和最高级形式,因而句中既然有more,就不能再接perfect了。superior是从拉丁语接纳到英语中来的形容词比较级,故不能与more 连用。notorious (臭名昭著的)与上下文内容相悖,故不能入选。

Section ⅡReading Comprehension