考研英语:历年完型填空词汇(7)
temper,disposition,temperament人的某种脾气、性情
temper
常指人的易怒的性情
a violent/short temper烈性/急性脾气
也常用于构成复合形容词(-tempered),表示“有…脾气的”
a good-/bad-tempered child脾气好/坏的小孩
temperament
也可指易冲动、急躁、喜怒无常的特性
an actor given to displays of temperament性情喜怒无常的演员
更常泛指人或动物的某种气质、性情、秉性
an artistic temperament inherited from his mother从他妈妈那里继承的艺术家气质
disposition
“性格,性情”,强调具体表现出的特点、倾向性,常用~to/towards sth/to do sth
to have a disposition towards acts of violence有暴力倾向
personality,character,complexion性格、特性
character
为普通用词,可指人或物的性格、特点、特色。
personality
“个性,人格”,强调使一个人不同于其他人的各种性格特征
His wife has a strong personality.他的妻子个性很强。
complexion
指事物呈现的总体特征
changed the political complexion of the northern states改变了北方诸州的政治局面
outlook,prospect,perspective,spectacle景观,景象
outlook
强调从某个角度看到的景色,景观
The house has a pleasant outlook over the valley.房子俯瞰山谷,景色宜人。
perspective
常指远景
a perspective of the whole valley山谷全景
prospect
常指一处视野开阔的自然风景
a delightful prospect of the lake令人心旷神怡的湖上风光
spectacle
“非常壮观的景象,奇观”,可以是表演、比赛、自然景色等
The sunset was a stunning spectacle.夕阳西斜,异常壮观。
奇特的场面,不寻常的情况
A quarrel between drunken women is an unpleasant spectacle.喝醉酒的女人吵架是个丑恶的场面。
facilities,instruments,implements,appliances器具
appliance
尤指家用电器domestic ~s家用电器
facility
“(一组)设备,设施”,用复数
sports/leisure facilities体育/消闲设施
implement
指在工作中有用或必需的器械,尤指较简单的农田或园艺工具
agricultural ~s农具
instrument
指用于精细工作或科学技术的工具
surgical ~s外科器械
charge, fund, payment, price费用
charge
指商品和服务所需的收费admission ~s入场费
fund
1、指用于特殊目的的专项基金a disaster relief ~赈灾专款
2、指可以用来花费的资金,用复数
The project has been cancelled because of lack of ~s.该项目因缺少资金已取消。
payment
指将付或应付的款额
They are finding it difficult to meet the ~s on their car.他们感到很难偿付汽车款。
price
一般指商品的价格,不能用cheap,expensive修饰
house ~s房价
punishment,penalty,fine惩罚
punishment
泛指各种处罚或惩罚,诸如法律、父母、老师以及神的惩罚等
to impose punishment予以惩罚
penalty
是指“因违反法律、规则或合同而施加的惩罚”,可以是监禁、罚款、罚点球等
a penalty clause in a contract合同中的惩罚条款
fine
罚款,罚金a parking fine违规停车罚款
prize, reward, bonus, compliment奖励
prize
指在竞赛中赢得或由于工作出色获得的奖励
She was awarded the Nobel Peace ~.她获颁诺贝尔和平奖。
reward
1、同prize相近,但多指由于做好事而获得的报酬
You deserve a ~ for being so kind.你帮了这么大的忙,理应受到奖励。
//指警察局等机构提供的悬赏金
to offer a ~ of $10 000 for information提出一万美元悬赏金要求提供线索
bonus
指工资之外的奖金、红利productivity ~es生产奖金
compliment
“称赞;荣誉”,指好的评价,不涉及具体的奖励物
It‘s a great ~ to be asked to do the job.获聘请做这项工作是一项极大地荣誉。